Soybean sclerotinia is a common disease on soybean crops, mainly causing stalk rot, the lesion is pale, the stem is hollow and has black sclerotia, which is easy to break. In the past two years, the disease of soybean sclerotinia has increased year by year.
Causes and characteristics:
1. The number of sclerotia in the field is large. Soybean sclerotium is a fungus that forms a cylindrical or rat fecal sclerotium on the stem of the soybean. Its shape is irregular, the size is 1-4 mm ~ 7 mm, and the sclerotia is rainy and humid. The germination occurs under light conditions, and the pathogenic fungi are sterilized by the sclerotia scattered in the soil and mixed between the seeds, and the seeds can also carry bacteria.
2. Environmental factors During the flowering period of soybean, the soil surface temperature is high, the air humidity is large, and the rainfall is large, which is favorable for the occurrence of this disease.
3. Seed-borne sclerotia If the soybeans are harvested as seeds in the previous year, the sclerotia residues in the seeds may increase, causing the disease of soybean sclerotia to increase year by year.
4. Improper cultivation and management The soybean sclerotium disease with heavy planting density is heavy. The reason is that excessive planting will cause poor ventilation, excessive humidity, and is conducive to the onset; the soybean sclerotia disease in the adjacent sunflower and rapeseed is heavy; in addition, the soybean sclerotium disease in the heavy glutinous land is heavy.
Control measures:
1. Reasonable rotation for sputum Soybean sclerotium disease only spreads soybeans, sunflowers, and rapeseed, and does not infect grass crops. Therefore, it is necessary to reform the farming system, implement rotation for more than three years, avoid adjacent to sunflower and rapeseed, and control the spread of soybean sclerotinia.
2. Before the seed is selected, the sclerotium mixed in the soybean seed should be screened out, and the disease-resistant seed of the sterile nucleus should be used for seeding.
3. Strengthen cultivation and management Reasonably close planting, draining and silting, leveling land, ditching and draining, preventing the accumulation of water and water, and timely shoveling the soybean before sealing the ridge to eliminate the germinating sclerotia and ascus. The diseased soybeans should be deepened after harvest, and the diseased bodies and sclerotia should be turned underground.
4. Chemical control In the flowering stage of soybean, the sclerotium of soybean has just started to sprout from the soil to the formation of the ascospore plate. Spray 50% of the keeling WP 1500 times on the ridge table, or spray 50% of the nutrient WP. The powder 1000 times liquid is 30 kg, and the effect of spraying the above-mentioned medicament on the control of soybean sclerotinia can reach more than 85%.
Causes and characteristics:
1. The number of sclerotia in the field is large. Soybean sclerotium is a fungus that forms a cylindrical or rat fecal sclerotium on the stem of the soybean. Its shape is irregular, the size is 1-4 mm ~ 7 mm, and the sclerotia is rainy and humid. The germination occurs under light conditions, and the pathogenic fungi are sterilized by the sclerotia scattered in the soil and mixed between the seeds, and the seeds can also carry bacteria.
2. Environmental factors During the flowering period of soybean, the soil surface temperature is high, the air humidity is large, and the rainfall is large, which is favorable for the occurrence of this disease.
3. Seed-borne sclerotia If the soybeans are harvested as seeds in the previous year, the sclerotia residues in the seeds may increase, causing the disease of soybean sclerotia to increase year by year.
4. Improper cultivation and management The soybean sclerotium disease with heavy planting density is heavy. The reason is that excessive planting will cause poor ventilation, excessive humidity, and is conducive to the onset; the soybean sclerotia disease in the adjacent sunflower and rapeseed is heavy; in addition, the soybean sclerotium disease in the heavy glutinous land is heavy.
Control measures:
1. Reasonable rotation for sputum Soybean sclerotium disease only spreads soybeans, sunflowers, and rapeseed, and does not infect grass crops. Therefore, it is necessary to reform the farming system, implement rotation for more than three years, avoid adjacent to sunflower and rapeseed, and control the spread of soybean sclerotinia.
2. Before the seed is selected, the sclerotium mixed in the soybean seed should be screened out, and the disease-resistant seed of the sterile nucleus should be used for seeding.
3. Strengthen cultivation and management Reasonably close planting, draining and silting, leveling land, ditching and draining, preventing the accumulation of water and water, and timely shoveling the soybean before sealing the ridge to eliminate the germinating sclerotia and ascus. The diseased soybeans should be deepened after harvest, and the diseased bodies and sclerotia should be turned underground.
4. Chemical control In the flowering stage of soybean, the sclerotium of soybean has just started to sprout from the soil to the formation of the ascospore plate. Spray 50% of the keeling WP 1500 times on the ridge table, or spray 50% of the nutrient WP. The powder 1000 times liquid is 30 kg, and the effect of spraying the above-mentioned medicament on the control of soybean sclerotinia can reach more than 85%.
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