Recently, many ministries and commissions such as the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology have brewed serious problems in overcapacity management and are preparing to issue “Guidelines for Overcoming Overcapacity Guidanceâ€, which mainly involve overcapacity industries such as steel, electrolytic aluminum, cement, shipbuilding and other traditional industries. And polysilicon, wind power equipment, new materials and other emerging industries. The problem of overcapacity in the power equipment industry has once again been pushed to the forefront of public opinion.
In recent years, China's power equipment industry, including transformers, cables, wind turbines, photovoltaic modules and even some high-end products, have all experienced excess capacity problems. Analysts believe that there is a lack of orderly management and disorderly investment; Afterwards, the rational regression of the pace of development, and the drastic reduction in the international market demand in the world financial crisis situation are the important reasons that caused the overcapacity problem in China in recent years.
In fact, as early as during the two sessions this year, the National People's Congress representative and party secretary and general manager of the TBEA Hengyang Transformer Co., Ltd. Yan Yanmin once suggested that “limit the over-financing enterprises’ listing and financing, and promote the orderly development of the electrical and electronic appliances industry. Structural adjustments and corporate mergers and reorganizations have driven the transformation of industry companies from the pursuit of speed and scale to the improvement of core technologies and product quality."
Industry enters the era of low profit
According to data from China Electromechanical Industry, in 2012, the utilization rate of thermal power equipment industry, hydropower equipment industry and nuclear power equipment in China was 70% to 75%, and the utilization rate of photovoltaic equipment was only less than 60%. The utilization rate of wind power equipment capacity was less than 70%, the transformer industry capacity utilization rate is only about 50%. The total capacity of the three major power plant boiler plants is 90 million kilowatts, but the actual output is only 50 million kilowatts, and the capacity utilization rate is only 55.56%. According to relevant statistics, the domestic polysilicon production capacity has reached an average annual level of 190,000 tons at the end of 2012; At present, the operating rate of photovoltaic cells is only 57%, polysilicon operating rate is as low as 35%, which is a serious surplus.
“Overcapacity has caused the industry's gross profit margins to drop significantly, industry quality accidents to occur frequently, small manufacturers shoddy, and domestic manufacturers' competitiveness to decline. Problems such as the fact that production capacity exceeds market demand more than doubled have led to increasingly fierce market competition.†In an interview with reporters earlier, the people said that in the 1970s and 1980s, the average profit rate of the transformer industry was about 20%, which was about 8% two or three years ago. Last year, the average profit rate of products below 500 kV was only 2%. % ~ 3%, many companies into the era of negative interest rates. In the tendering and bidding market, the domestic power industry has adopted the lowest bidding method in the tendering of the electric power industry, which has also led to the competition for price reduction by equipment manufacturers. This vicious competition will lead to cutting corners, shoddy goods, low-price competition, and even counterfeiting. The situation is getting worse.
Taking the power generation equipment as an example, the price of the product has been declining all the way. Compared with 2008, the price of a million-unit boiler has decreased by about 340 million yuan, and the price of a million-unit power station turbine has decreased by about 120 million yuan. The price of generators was reduced by about 20 million yuan. In recent years, the price drop of power transmission and transformation equipment has also been particularly serious. The selling price of most products is already at a level close to the cost, and companies have no profit. In this case, the quality of the product is seriously damaged. Coupled with the continuous rise in the price level, these enterprises are unable to provide employees with salaries that are compatible with the socio-economic environment, which makes it difficult for the team to stabilize and the problem of large staff mobility becomes more acute.
Multiple measures to ease excess capacity
Obviously, excess capacity has severely restricted the development of China's power equipment industry. Experts suggest that industry barriers should be raised through energy consumption indicators, environmental verification standards, bank credits, accountability, etc., and market-based measures must be taken to ensure that the survival of the fittest is eliminated, thereby preventing further deterioration of excess capacity.
“Overcapacity in the various product areas of the electrical industry is indeed more common, and this is not only a phenomenon specific to low-end products. Some high-end products also have the problem of excess capacity.†Yang Qiming, executive vice president of the China Electrical Appliance Industry Association, accepted According to an interview with China Electric Power, although the phenomenon of overcapacity in the industry cannot be completely changed within a short period of time, it is imperative to look for ways to improve. Companies should be encouraged to do products that have high technological added value and have special market needs. Relieve the negative effects of excess capacity. In fact, the most fundamental solution to the problem of capacity reduction is structural adjustment, transformation and upgrading, and the first and foremost is market-oriented to promote the development of high-end products and resolve excess capacity. Enterprises need to be encouraged to go overseas to develop and transfer a batch of production capacity, absorb a batch of excess capacity through mergers and acquisitions, and make great efforts to use the market mechanism to eliminate backward production capacity.
At the government level, it is necessary to change the management methods relying on administrative examination and approval as soon as possible, shift to more actively promoting the improvement of market mechanisms and reducing government intervention, actively establish an early warning mechanism for industrial development, regularly publish relevant data and monitoring reports to the society, and effectively guide the direction of social investment. And scale.
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