After the landslide, how can rescue operations be carried out? What precautions?

After the landslide, what are the parties involved in the rescue? How to quickly organize effective and effective rescue? What are the precautions in the rescue?

The management of geological disasters is indeed a professional job that I am engaged in. However, there is still a different focus between the management of geological disasters and emergency rescue. The treatment is biased to rectification afterwards or to prevent an accident; and the relief emphasizes the emergency when the disaster occurs. Although the emergency rescue team is not a professional emergency rescue team member, there is still more participation in the work related to the rescue work. Here we will share with you some of the rescue work that you know about. There are also many other mistakes that you may have missed. Enlighten.

Let us first understand what is called geological disasters. In terms of popular terms, according to the Regulations on the Prevention and Treatment of Geological Disasters issued by the State Council, geological disasters usually refer to disasters caused by the loss of people’s lives and property caused by geological actions. Common geological disasters mainly refer to six kinds of disasters related to geological action, such as collapse, landslide, mudslide, ground subsidence, ground fissure, and land subsidence that endanger the safety of people's lives and properties. Among them, the more common ones are those closely related to people. Three kinds of collapses, landslides, and debris flows have not only common grounds among these three types of geological disasters, but also have mutual transformation and mutual promotion under extreme conditions (usually heavy rainstorms and earthquakes).

Landslide refers to the gravity damage of the geological body sliding down the geological weak surface (" Land of Landslide Prevention Engineering Survey (DZ/T 0218-2006) "), based on the sliding speed of the landslide, the thickness of the sliding body, the age of formation, the size, etc. Different factors can classify landslides into many different types, among which landslides that are more prone to disasters are mid- and high-speed landslides (tens of centimeters per minute to tens of meters per second). Such landslides are sliding too fast. It is often too late to wait until the threatened object safely escapes the risk, that is, an overall slip occurs, which results in the trapping and burying of people’s houses. In the event of heavy rainstorms and extreme weather conditions, disasters involving landslides, landslides, and mudslides are often combined to cause disasters. Disasters with multiple disasters often result in more disasters, and the difficulty of rescue and treatment is greater. Then my Local Experience (Southwest China) Introduce the implementation and implementation of rescue work.

First, in the May 1 to October 15 of each year for the annual flood season in Southwest China, during the local governments at all levels will have the appropriate authorities to arrange a 24-hour flood duty system, such as emergency offices at all levels, land and resources The core duties of the water sector are to collect rains, dangers, and disasters, and to report and record them in a timely manner. The stress of disaster prevention is particularly high among the land and resources departments. In the division of administrative functions, the main responsible department for the prevention and control of geological disasters is The Ministry of Land and Resources, the Local Bureau of Land and Resources, will collect detailed information on local geological disasters each year with the assistance of a professional geological team, and will issue “one form and two cards” (ie, “prevention plan for major geological hazards”) The prevention of geological disasters such as collapses, landslides, and mudslides will be understood by cards and “crashes, landslides, mudslides, and other geological disasters, disaster prevention, and avoidance work, understand the cards”) to the hands of each threatened person, and signature confirmation, every geological disaster Hidden spots have corresponding geological disaster monitoring personnel. Therefore, when the local slow and small-scale geological disasters occur, they are often exposed to the dangers of natural disasters under the precautions of the group-surveillance group and the monitoring personnel. Only in the case of extreme and rapid disasters can they easily cause casualties.

Secondly, after the geological disaster caused the disaster, the monitoring staff informed the local local government in charge of the disaster. The local government then reported the main responsible person of the land and resources department and the county government, the county government in the emergency office and the Bureau of Land and Resources In coordination, according to the disaster type, scale, and disaster situation matched with the rescue team of the corresponding scale, take two chestnuts:

In a dangerous accident on the slope of a highway, roads and roads caused by falling rocks and roads cause casualties. Therefore, the disaster relief personnel and departments that need to participate in the rescue must not lack the government’s leadership in charge of transportation, land and security, emergency departments, and health care. Departments, transportation departments, traffic police departments, and land departments;

A mud-rock flow geology disaster occurred in a county in Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, which led to the burying of rural houses in some villages, traffic disruption, and power communication facilities. Therefore, in the event of such a large disaster, the civil affairs department, food and drug department, meteorological department, The participation of the power sector and the communications sector, where necessary, local militias, armed police, and garrisons may participate in rescue operations based on the size of the disaster. Followed by the geological professional team and geological disaster prevention and control experts rushed to the scene, with the government departments to identify the causes of geological disasters, the scope of impact, etc., and put forward emergency management measures to reduce and control the geological disasters.

So for the first question: What are the parties involved in the rescue?

In simple terms: According to the type of disaster, different threatened objects, different disaster conditions, the government's response level to the geological disaster disaster is also different, the departments involved in the rescue are not exactly the same, but the related disasters related to geological disasters are often In the first time to participate in the rescue, to contribute their own strength, of course, is to do its part.

The second question is how to organize an active and effective rescue quickly?

The occurrence of geological disasters is sudden, but emergency rescue and disaster relief plans can be done in advance. Emergency rescue and relief materials, equipment, and implements will also be prepared in advance. When the disaster occurs, the administrative departments will use sudden geological disasters. The work flow of the emergency plan is generally the most efficient operation plan under the emergency situation. The plan has made corresponding requirements for the following aspects:

(1) The division of responsibilities between emergency agencies and relevant departments;

(2) The organization of emergency rescue workers and the preparation of emergency and rescue equipment, funds and materials;

(3) Preparation for the analysis of the grade and impact of geological disasters;

(4) Geological disaster investigations, reports and procedures;

(5) Early warning signals and emergency communication guarantees when geological disasters occur;

(6) Emergency action plans such as evacuation of personnel, transfer routes, medical treatment, and disease control.

(Article 26 of the "Geo-hazard Prevention Ordinance")

Therefore, as long as it is an area where drills and preparatory work are done well in advance, when there are sudden geological disasters, there are prearranged rescue plans and detailed rules. In this way, it is generally effective to carry out emergency rescue work. The basic goals of cooperation, coordination, and security.

The third question is very good. What are the precautions in the rescue?

For ordinary people who do not have professional disaster rescue experience, the most important thing to pay attention to in the rescue is to not enter the rescue scene without instructions! × 3

Because the development of geological disasters is often a process, geological disasters also have a cluster of features on the microscopic level. The falling of a dangerous rock often results in the weakening of the stability of the dangerous rock on the side or above; the debris flow from a branch ditch rushes out. It often brings a large number of sources into the main ditch to cause the outbreak of mudslides in the main ditch. There are countless cases such as these. Therefore, friends who do not have professional knowledge related to geological disasters must not rush into the rescue scene, which may not only increase the subsequent secondary disasters. Casualties will also hinder the rescue operations of the regular rescue forces.

In addition, the rescue of geological disasters is actually a highly risky operation. Even if professional rescue personnel are involved in rescue activities, sudden accidents may cause casualties among rescue workers. Therefore, during the rescue process, it must be based on weather conditions and disasters. Deformation of the body: Do a good job of evacuation preparation and rescue suspension in a timely manner. During rescue operations, rescue operations in the hazardous area must be suspended in the event of heavy rainfall to ensure the safety of the rescue workers. The weather is relieved and the risk factor decreases. When it is even lower, continue the rescue work.

This article reprinted from the daily news.