The biggest problem in the promotion of fuel cell vehicles has always been the high price and rare output of platinum metal. This expensive metal is particularly important for the redox reaction at the cathode of the fuel cell. At the cathode, the protons that have permeated from the polymer film, the oxygen atoms in the air, and the electrons that are transmitted from the wires combine to form the product—water.
Recently, a team of chemists and material scientists from the LBNL US Department of Energy’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and ANL Argonne National Laboratory have developed an innovative three-dimensional “nano-framework†catalyst that catalyzes the anodizing reaction. The performance exceeds that of conventional platinum-carbon particulate catalysts and even exceeds the level of technology the US Department of Energy expects to achieve in 2017.
The bimetallic catalyst is composed of platinum and nickel, has the characteristics of hollow, high activity, large internal and external surface size, making its efficiency and cost much better than current catalyst products.
This catalyst can also work in alkaline hydrolysis tanks, splitting water into oxygen and hydrogen. According to the level of power consumption, it may also be used as a hydrogen preparation device in the future. Inside the alkaline hydrolysis tank there are two electrodes separated by a membrane, and the two electrodes are immersed in an alkaline electrolyte composed of potassium hydroxide. The researchers compared and tested the performance of the new catalysts and traditional platinum-carbon catalysts and found that the new catalysts have improved performance by an order of magnitude.
In recent years, the world's research has focused mainly on the alloying of platinum with other, cheaper metals to form alloys, and on the premise of lowering the catalyst price, the performance is not reduced. Another improvement has been the development of hollow, caged, porous materials to which a smaller amount of precious metal catalyst is added.
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