First, the growth characteristics of vegetables and fertilization methods (a) vegetables are generally short-term nutritional crops, can be re-broadcast. Many kinds of vegetables such as Chinese cabbage, radish, melon, cucumber and so on are often up to 5000 kilograms, so the amount of fertilizer is large. Some fast-growing vegetables such as Chinese cabbage, season radish, leeks, etc., due to the short growing season, the nutrients absorbed per unit time are much more than the long-lived and high-yielding vegetables. Therefore, more quick-acting fertilizer should be applied during cultivation. (2) The absorption of soil nutrients by vegetables depends largely on the development of roots. Generally, the roots are deep and wide, the roots are large, the roots of the vegetables (pumpkins, melons, etc.) and the larger root vegetables (beets, carrots, eggplants, etc.) can absorb more nutrients and grow on the thin soil. Fertilization can be extensive; cucumbers, onions, lettuce, etc., which have poor root development, shallow distribution, and poor nutrient absorption, must be planted on fertile soil and fertilized finely. (3) The requirements for soil nutrient conditions in different growth stages of vegetables are different. The root system of vegetable seedlings is still underdeveloped, and the amount of nutrients absorbed is not too much, but the fertilizer requirements are very high. Some thin quick-acting fertilizers should be applied appropriately. In the vegetable growth period and the fruiting period, a large amount of nutrients should be absorbed, and sufficient fertilizer must be supplied. Generally, measures such as staged topdressing, organic and inorganic fertilizer alternation, NPK fertilizer and micro-fertilizer balance, fertilization and irrigation are adopted to fully exert the fertilizer production increase effect. (4) According to the characteristics of fast growth of vegetables, weak roots and high yield, organic fertilizers should be combined with chemical fertilizers. Organic fertilizer not only provides a variety of nutrients for vegetables, but also helps to increase yield and improve quality with the decomposition of organic fertilizer.
Second, the classification of different vegetables fertilization technology (a) leafy vegetables. Leafy vegetables mainly include cabbage, green vegetables, spinach, and leeks. Leaf-plant topdressing is mainly based on nitrogen fertilizer, but at the same time of application of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers need to be added. For example, when cultivated Chinese cabbage, two fertilizations before entering the rosette period and before the core are the key to high yield. If the supply of nitrogen fertilizer is insufficient during the whole growth period, the plants are short and the tissues are coarse and hard, and the leafy vegetables cultivated in spring are easy to be convulsed early; if the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are insufficient in the late stage, the ball is often difficult to form. (2) Fruits and vegetables. Fruits and vegetables include melons, solanaceous fruits and beans, and the edible parts are reproductive organs. Generally, the seedlings need more nitrogen fertilizer, but excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer tends to cause long growth, but the flowering result is prolonged, and the tree is dropped. When the reproductive growth period is reached, the amount of phosphate fertilizer needs to increase sharply, and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer needs to be slightly reduced. Therefore, phosphorus should be added. Potassium fertilizer, control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer. After the cucumber is placed on the melon, it should be re-fertilized. Each batch of melon should be supplemented with a fertilizer. (3) Root vegetables. Root vegetables mainly include radishes, carrots, broccoli, etc., and the edible part is fleshy root. In the early stage of root vegetables, more nitrogen fertilizer should be applied to promote the formation of hypertrophic green leaves; in the middle and late growth stages (the fleshy root growth period), more potassium fertilizer should be applied, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be properly controlled, and the assimilation of leaves should be promoted to the roots to form a strong fleshy root. . If there is too much nitrogen fertilizer and insufficient potassium fertilizer in the late growth stage of root vegetables, it is easy to make the aboveground part grow, the rhizome is small, the yield is decreased, and the quality is deteriorated.
Third, the facility cultivation and application of organic fertilizer greenhouses and other protected vegetables, the amount of fertilizer per unit area is much larger than that of exposed vegetables, and because there is no rainwater leaching, most of the remaining fertilizer remains in the soil, making the soil solution concentration too high. It hinders the roots from absorbing nutrients. Therefore, in the cultivation of vegetables, it is necessary to fully consider the aftereffect of the former sorghum fertilizer, apply more organic fertilizers, and appropriately apply less fertilizer to avoid the damage of the sorghum vegetables due to the accumulation of salt.
Second, the classification of different vegetables fertilization technology (a) leafy vegetables. Leafy vegetables mainly include cabbage, green vegetables, spinach, and leeks. Leaf-plant topdressing is mainly based on nitrogen fertilizer, but at the same time of application of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers need to be added. For example, when cultivated Chinese cabbage, two fertilizations before entering the rosette period and before the core are the key to high yield. If the supply of nitrogen fertilizer is insufficient during the whole growth period, the plants are short and the tissues are coarse and hard, and the leafy vegetables cultivated in spring are easy to be convulsed early; if the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are insufficient in the late stage, the ball is often difficult to form. (2) Fruits and vegetables. Fruits and vegetables include melons, solanaceous fruits and beans, and the edible parts are reproductive organs. Generally, the seedlings need more nitrogen fertilizer, but excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer tends to cause long growth, but the flowering result is prolonged, and the tree is dropped. When the reproductive growth period is reached, the amount of phosphate fertilizer needs to increase sharply, and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer needs to be slightly reduced. Therefore, phosphorus should be added. Potassium fertilizer, control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer. After the cucumber is placed on the melon, it should be re-fertilized. Each batch of melon should be supplemented with a fertilizer. (3) Root vegetables. Root vegetables mainly include radishes, carrots, broccoli, etc., and the edible part is fleshy root. In the early stage of root vegetables, more nitrogen fertilizer should be applied to promote the formation of hypertrophic green leaves; in the middle and late growth stages (the fleshy root growth period), more potassium fertilizer should be applied, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be properly controlled, and the assimilation of leaves should be promoted to the roots to form a strong fleshy root. . If there is too much nitrogen fertilizer and insufficient potassium fertilizer in the late growth stage of root vegetables, it is easy to make the aboveground part grow, the rhizome is small, the yield is decreased, and the quality is deteriorated.
Third, the facility cultivation and application of organic fertilizer greenhouses and other protected vegetables, the amount of fertilizer per unit area is much larger than that of exposed vegetables, and because there is no rainwater leaching, most of the remaining fertilizer remains in the soil, making the soil solution concentration too high. It hinders the roots from absorbing nutrients. Therefore, in the cultivation of vegetables, it is necessary to fully consider the aftereffect of the former sorghum fertilizer, apply more organic fertilizers, and appropriately apply less fertilizer to avoid the damage of the sorghum vegetables due to the accumulation of salt.
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