Summary of this month
Most of the northeastern part of the water and heat match is good, which is conducive to spring sowing and crop seedling growth. Most of the northern winter wheat area has sufficient light and heat, and the moisture is suitable for the formation of winter wheat. Most of the light temperature in the Jianghuai, Jianghan and Southwest regions is more suitable, but some areas have staged rainy weather, and the summer harvest schedule has been delayed. More precipitation in parts of southern Jiangnan and southern China is unfavorable for the growth of rapeseed, early rice tillers, flue-cured tobacco, and vegetables. In northern Yunnan and southern Sichuan, there was no effective precipitation during most of the month, and the growth of spring-sown crops was greatly affected, but the continued drought was significantly eased at the end of the month.
Weather and climate characteristics this month
Most of the country's agricultural areas have high temperatures, with the eastern part of North China, the northeastern part of Huanghuai and the south part of southwestern areas being 2 to 4 °C higher (Fig. 1). The precipitation in the central and eastern parts of the northwestern part of China, the south of the Yangtze River and the southeastern part of the Yangtze River, the southeastern part of the Yangtze River, the northern part of the south of the Yangtze River, the central and southern parts of South China, and the southeastern part of the southwestern part of the country are more than 30%. The precipitation in the southeastern part of China, North China, Huanghuai and Southwest China is less. 2). Most of the northern regions have sufficient sunshine, and the south of the Yangtze River, the southern part of China, and the southwestern part of the country have relatively poor sunshine (Figure 4).
Figure 1 Average temperature anomaly in May 2012
Figure 2 Precipitation in May 2012
Figure 3 Precipitation anomalies in May 2012
Figure 4 Sunshine hours in May 2012
Analysis of agricultural meteorological conditions in major agricultural areas this month
Northeast: The average monthly temperature in most areas is 1~2°C, and the precipitation is sufficient. Especially in the southwest of Heilongjiang and the west of Jilin Province, there are 10~25mm precipitation on the 12th to 14th. The drought in the early part of the area is alleviated. The soil moisture was significantly improved, the spring sowing work was carried out smoothly, and the crop seedlings grew well.
Northwest, North China, Huanghuai: Most of the northern winter wheat area has sufficient light and heat, no obvious dry hot wind weather, and 10-30 mm precipitation occurs in the late tenth century in the northwestern part of the northwest, northern Hebei, Shanxi, northwestern and southeastern Henan. The soil moisture was supplemented, and the drought in the early stage was alleviated. Most of the wheat fields were suitable for grain filling, and it was beneficial to the winter wheat heading grouting, increasing grain weight and spring seedling seedling growth.
Jianghuai and Jianghan: The temperature in most areas is higher than normal, the light is normal, and the soil moisture in the farmland is suitable, which is favorable for the formation of winter wheat. However, some areas in Hubei and southern Anhui have short-term heavy precipitation or staged rainy weather during the month. It has a certain impact on the ripening of winter wheat and the growth of spring-sown crops.
Jiangnan and South China: The precipitation in May and the south of South China is more than 30% higher than that in normal years. In some areas, there are 3 to 8 days of heavy rainstorms, which is not conducive to the drying of rapeseed, early rice control, flue-cured tobacco, The growth and development of vegetables and tropical fruits have also been affected. At the same time, the rainy weather has caused serious occurrence of pests such as rice planthoppers and rice blast. In addition, heavy precipitation has caused floods in some areas, rapeseed is flooded, and rice fields are washed away.
Southwest: Most of Guizhou's rainy and sloppy weather, the summer harvest schedule has been delayed, and the rainy weather is also not conducive to the robust growth of spring planting seedlings. In southern Sichuan and northern Yunnan, there was no effective precipitation during most of the month, and the growth of spring-sown crops was greatly affected. However, there was a strong precipitation process at the end of the month, and the drought was significantly eased. The light temperature in most of the southwestern agricultural areas is more suitable, which is beneficial to the growth of winter wheat, rapeseed, harvesting and spring sowing crops.
Major agricultural meteorological disasters this month
In May, the national agricultural meteorological disasters mainly included drought, heavy rain, wind, hail, pests and diseases (Figure 5).
Figure 5 Agricultural meteorological disasters in May 2012
Drought: There was no effective precipitation in the northern part of Yunnan and southern Sichuan during the whole month. The drought continued to develop, and the growth of spring-sown crops was greatly affected. Drinking water was difficult in some areas. The obvious precipitation process at the end of the month eased the drought. The southwestern part of Shanxi, the central and southern parts of Hebei, and the northwestern part of Henan have low temperature and high rainfall, and there are different degrees of drought. It is unfavorable for the growth of winter wheat grouted milk and spring-sown crops. The 10~30 mm precipitation and drought in the south part of Shanxi and the northwestern part of Henan are obviously alleviated. .
Heavy rains and floods: the southeastern part of the northwestern region, the south of the Yangtze River, the southeastern part of the southwestern region, and other places have strong precipitation during the month, floods occur in some areas, farmland and fish ponds are flooded, and growth of crops, fruit trees, and aquaculture are affected. Negative Effects.
Gale, hail: During the month, strong winds appeared in Xinjiang, Hetian and other places, causing damage to some vegetable greenhouses, collapse of livestock houses, and destruction of local cotton seedlings. In addition, Shandong Jinan and Weifang, Jilin Baicheng City, Dingxi City, Gansu Province, Tianshui City, Pingliang City and Wuwei City, etc., experienced wind damage in the month, causing mechanical damage to winter wheat, spring wheat and spring corn, and some facilities agriculture Also affected.
Pests and diseases: The area of ​​wheat aphids in Anhui, Jiangsu, Henan, Shandong, Hebei, Gansu and other places is relatively large, which is unfavorable for the formation of winter wheat; the precipitation in the southern rice region during the month, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Jiangxi, etc. Rice planthoppers and rice blasts are more serious.
Outlook and recommendations for agricultural meteorological conditions this month
It is estimated that in June, most of the temperature in the northeastern region is close to normal. The precipitation in the central and southern parts is slightly higher, and the north is slightly less. The hydrothermal conditions are generally favorable for the growth of spring-sown crops. In the northern winter wheat area, the temperature is slightly higher and the precipitation is slightly less. It is beneficial to the maturity and harvesting of winter wheat. However, some areas may have defects, which may have a slight impact on timely planting of summer maize. Most of the Jianghuai and Jianghan temperatures are slightly higher, and the precipitation is close to normal. It is beneficial to cotton and one-season rice growth. Most of the precipitation in the south of the Yangtze River and South China is slightly more normal, which is more favorable for the growth and development of rice and cotton. Precipitation in the southwestern part of South China and southwestern China will be more than 2 to 50%, which may cause some farmland soil to be too wet, which is unfavorable for crop growth. Heavy rainfall may also cause low-lying farmland to be flooded.
Production recommendations:
In the winter wheat area where the north is still in the filling stage, it is necessary to strengthen the management of the wheat field in the late stage, and do a good job of “one spray and three preventionsâ€. The shortage of areas should be timely irrigated to promote full grain filling of wheat and increase grain weight; Grab the harvest and dry it to achieve a bumper harvest; the harvested areas should be raked early to sow summer corn and summer soybeans.
The northeast spring sowing area should strengthen water and fertilizer management, dry land crops should timely cultivate ploughing soil, increase ground temperature, and promote the stable growth of crops; rice producing areas should adopt the method of water temperature regulation to prevent stage low temperature and appropriate amount of fertilization to promote rice growth.
In areas with more precipitation in the south, it is necessary to drain and reduce the water in time to promote crop growth. The early rice production area should strengthen the management in the middle and late stages, maintain the shallow water layer in the field during the heading and flowering period, and timely fertilize according to the growth, so as to increase the seed setting rate and grain weight while strengthening the prevention and control of pests such as rice planthopper and rice blast. In northern Yunnan and southern Sichuan, we must seize the precipitation weather process, do a good job of water storage and water conservation, and strengthen the field management of flue-cured tobacco, potatoes, corn and other crops.
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