Due to the current high temperature and drought, the soil water holding capacity is low, and the field temperature is high, which is unfavorable for the growth of fruit trees. In order to effectively reduce the damage caused by high temperature and drought to fruit trees, weeds should be strongly promoted.
First, the benefits of orchard grass:
1. Increase soil organic matter content. The roots of green crops are strong, and the aboveground parts are vigorously growing. They contain a lot of rich organic matter. After turning over, they can improve soil physical and chemical properties and improve soil fertility. The best grasses should be shade-resistant leguminous grasses, such as clover, grass, and hair. Ye Zizi, Xiao Guanhua, etc., are green manure crops with strong nitrogen fixation, easy decomposition and strong growth.
2. Maintain soil moisture. The maintenance of soil moisture by green manure crops is mainly achieved by reducing the evaporation and absorption of soil moisture between the rows of living plants, regulating the balance of surface water supply during rainfall, and cutting the tree shrouds to form grass coverings when the growth is strong.
3. Extend the activity time of the roots of fruit trees. Orchard in spring can increase in temperature, promote root growth into the garden soil tillage than 15-30 days in advance; reduce surface temperatures during the hot summer months, to ensure the roots of fruit trees thrive; into the late autumn, increase soil temperature, root activity and prolong 1 About a month later, it has a very good effect on increasing the nutrients stored in the tree and enriching the flower buds. The winter grass is covered on the surface, which can reduce the thickness of the frozen soil layer, increase the ground temperature, and reduce and prevent the freezing damage of the root system.
4. Improve the microclimate of the orchard. Due to the improvement of soil physical and chemical properties by green manure crops, the water, fertilizer, gas and heat in the soil are coordinated to improve the air humidity of the orchard. The summer orchard is relatively cool in summer, which is very beneficial to the growth and development of fruit trees and is beneficial to alleviate sunburn. occur.
5 , grass has a good effect of loose soil. Comparison of grass cover and orchard clearing, soil physical properties are good, soil is loose and fragile, good ventilation, good water permeability, can maintain soil structure stability, prevent soil erosion, is conducive to alfalfa reproduction, and promote the formation of soil water-stable solid-grain structure. .
6. Reduce costs, reduce labor intensity, and improve efficiency . According to the test, compared with grass growing, cutting and clearing, the orchard can reduce the labor of hoeing by about 60% and greatly reduce the labor intensity. In addition, since the coverage improves soil physical properties, improves soil fertility, increases soil organic matter content, reduces the application amount of commercial fertilizers and farmyard manure, and improves fertilizer utilization. All of this reduces production costs.
7. Improve the quality of fruit. Due to the increase of air humidity and day and night temperature difference, the grass orchard increased the fruit coloring rate, the sugar content was large, and the fruit hardness and storability were also improved. Especially in bagged orchards, the fruit is most susceptible to high temperature and dryness after picking up the bag. The fruit surface is prone to sunburn and dry cracks. The orchard grass can effectively prevent and prevent the above phenomenon and improve the appearance quality of the fruit.
Second, the specific practice of grass production is to use grass between rows, firstly to plant clover, grass scorpion, scorpion scorpion, small crown flower, etc. Second, make full use of orchard weeds, cover the tree plate after cutting, mid-year Generally, when the grass grows to 20-30 cm, the grass is cut and the height is not more than 20 cm.
Source of information: Jincheng Agricultural Comprehensive Service Station, Laizhou City, Shandong Province
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