How did we do when earthquake disaster came?

What is an earthquake disaster? An earthquake disaster is a geological action (phenomenon) that is formed under the influence of natural or human factors, causing damage to the environment and causing loss of human life and property. Such as mudslides, landslides, earthquakes, geothermal, volcanic damage.

- Earthquake -

Teach you three principles to avoid earthquakes

The scars left by the Tangshan earthquake and the Wenchuan earthquake have become a constant pain for the Chinese people. At the time of the earthquake, how should family members avoid shocks? China Rescue Equipment Network recommends three principles:

Principle 1: Decisive action, do not hesitate. Whether or not the shock can be successful, it will not be able to look forward and hesitate when it comes to the moment. If you live in a bungalow, you must act decisively, either avoid it nearby or go out in an emergency. Do not go back and forth.

Principle II: To be determined and not to be taken out. The ancients recorded in the “Earthquake Record”: “After a sudden change, you can't get out of it, but you have to decide, and you have to cover the nest to finish the egg.” In other words, do not rush out of the house when an earthquake occurs. Instead, it is imperative that the time for survival be found in the interior to find a suitable place for shock absorbers, and you should use the method of squatting or sitting down to wait for the earthquake to pass. This way, even if the house collapses, people may be safe and sound.

Principle 3: Adapt to local conditions and make correct decisions. The environment and conditions of each person in the earthquake are very different, and the shock suspension method is not likely to be stereotyped. It is necessary to analyze specific situations. These situations include whether you live in a flat or live in a building. Does the earthquake occur during the day or in the evening? The house is not strong. There is no room for shock in the room. You are in a position close to the door and the outdoors is open and safe.

- volcanic eruption -

Acid rain before the outbreak

Volcanic eruptions are powerful. Volcanoes often increase their activity before eruption, accompanied by rumbling noises and the escape of vapors and gases. Sulfur smell can be heard from local rivers. Irritating acid rain, large rumbling or emerging from the volcano

Vapors are a warning sign. When escaping by car, remember that volcanic ash can make the road slippery. Do not take the gorge route. It may turn into a path through which volcanic mud flows.

Wear a helmet to escape properly

Harm to lava. Among the various hazards of the volcano, the lava flow may be the least dangerous to life because people can run out of the lava flow route.

Deal with jet hazards. If you flee from a volcanic eruption, the hard helmet, motorcycle helmet or rider's helmet that construction workers use will give you some protection. In a wider area, fleeing may not be necessary.

Coping with gas ball hazards. If there is no solid underground structure in the vicinity, the only chance of survival may be to jump into the water; after holding the breath for about half a minute, the ball will roll over.

Deal with volcanic ash hazards. Wearing goggles, snorkel masks, or goggles protects the eyes—but not sunglasses. Cover mouth and nose with a damp cloth, or use an industrial gas mask if possible. After going to shelters, take off clothes

Wash thoroughly with exposed skin and rinse eyes with clean water.

In recent years, sudden geological disasters such as landslides, mudslides, and earthquakes have also occurred frequently. Let people be caught off guard, causing huge losses and threats to human life and property.

However, the so-called suddenness is also relative. In fact, these disasters all have more or less obvious or hidden indications. If we can catch it in time, we will gain valuable time for disaster prevention and evacuation.

——Debris flow———Abnormalities of animals before the debris flow

Debris flow is a natural phenomenon unique to mountains. It is a special torrent with conditions of solid matter such as large amounts of sediment, rocks, etc. formed by precipitation.

In addition to estimating the possibility of an outbreak of mudslides based on local rainfall conditions, we can also determine the occurrence of debris flows through some unique phenomena.

There was a precursory mudslide, and there seemed to be a roar of trains or a thunderous thunderous sound in the ditch. The main river water rose with more firewood, trees, and normal water flow. Animal and plant abnormalities, such as pigs, dogs, cattle, sheep, chickens, panicked, not

Go to sleep, rats scurry, plant morphology changes, the forest withered or skewed and so on.

If some of the above-mentioned signs are found, especially if there are cracks in the mountains, there may be hidden dangers of collapse and landslide. Long-term rainfall or heavy rain may induce mudslides.

Escape on both sides away from mudslides

Take the correct escape method. Unlike landslides, landslides, and earthquakes, mudslides are fluid and have a great deal of impact and handling. Therefore, when in a mudslide area, they cannot run down or up the slope but should run on both sides of the slope.

Leave the channel and the valley, but be careful not to stop on unstable slopes where the soil is soft and unstable so as to prevent the slope from declining. The foundation should be stable and relatively flat. In addition, trees should not be evaded because mudslides are different from general floods.

In water, all obstacles can be removed along the way, so it is not advisable to escape from the tree. Should avoid the concave bank of the river (ditch) channel, or the narrow bank with high local height and low height. Because mudslide has strong brushing ability and straightness, these places are very dangerous.

——Landslides—springs resurrect as precursors

Landslide refers to the soil or rock mass on a slope, which is affected by river erosion, groundwater activity, earthquakes, and artificial cut slopes. Under the action of gravity, along a certain soft surface or weak zone, the whole or scattered slope Sliding down

Natural phenomenon of movement.

Before the landslide, horizontal and vertical cracks appeared at the front edge of the landslide, and the soil around the leading edge appeared bulging; the cracks at the trailing edge of the slide suddenly widened and lengthened, new cracks continued to form, and the rear part of the landslide body quickly took off, and the surrounding rock and soil bodies loosened. Small collapse

Phenomenon: The rock mass of sliding belt has sounded due to frictional misalignment, and emits gas or water from the crack. At the slope of the leading edge of the landslide, the spring water that has been blocked or the spring water and well water suddenly dry up; The observation point on the landslide body

Obvious displacement; Drum Hill appears at the front edge of the landslide; House tilts, cracks, and drunk Hanlin, Sabre, etc.

Prepare for disaster free

When the ground deformation speed is accelerated and landslide symptoms are more and more obvious, disasters should be avoided in time.

Temporary evacuation is not a catastrophe. It is not a catastrophe that reminds people of catastrophic disasters. Instead, they must be prepared from the time of the discovery of the signs of disasters. “Preparation” can “do nothing”. The following aspects should be prepared:

Temporary evacuation sites are pre-selected: One or more safe sites should be selected beforehand as a temporary site for evacuation. Should be selected outside the border on both sides of the landslide and should not be selected on the uphill or downhill section of the landslide. In ensuring safety

Under the premise of all, the evacuation site should be as close as possible to the original place of residence. The wider the terrain, the better. The more convenient and convenient the traffic and electricity, the water.

Pre-selection of evacuation routes and the provision of early warning signals should be accompanied by provisions for signal control measures to avoid confusion caused by mis-signals.

Make necessary material reserves in advance. When conditions permit, temporary shelters should be pre-arranged at the evacuation site to ensure people's basic lives.

Experience shows that landslide disasters mostly occur during the rainy season, and landslides are more costly at night. Therefore, it is best not to stay in the landslide danger zone during the rainy season, especially during the rainy season.