Plant-based feed additives can improve the antioxidant properties of animals.
Antioxidants are natural substances that block the oxidation reaction (or "oxidative stress") and protect the animal's body from harm. In the feed, some plant-derived additives with antioxidant properties can play a similar role.
In animal living, the antioxidant defense system consists of several lines of defense. Its main line of defense can inhibit the production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species by chelation of metal ions, removal of superoxide and singlet oxygen, and reduce the hydrogen peroxide and hydroperoxide content of individual cells in the body.
Free radical damage and oxidative stress are by-products of normal biological processes in cells, not diseases. However, they can reduce animal performance and endanger livestock production. In recent years, attention has been paid to the role of free radicals and reactive oxygen species in aging and disease processes, including inflammatory reactions, arthritis, heart disease, immune system damage, and cancer. Oxidative stress is an unbalanced state between an increase in the level of reactive oxygen species and a decrease in the body's antioxidant properties, which may damage tissues and disrupt cell structure.
Feed essential oil
Natural antioxidants are widely accepted around the world and are more popular than synthetic antioxidants. Related studies have shown that thymol, carvacrol and 6-gingerol have excellent antioxidant properties, which is very important for the search for natural substitutes for synthetic antioxidant food additives.
The antioxidant properties of certain plant-derived materials are closely related to the terpene content in the essential oils, including sorghum, rosemary and thyme. In human and pet high-fat foods, plant essential oils (such as the Labiatae) have been used extensively as antioxidants.
For example, artemisinin is recommended as a natural plant-derived antioxidant in poultry diets. Lipid oxidation is the main reason for the decline of nutrient properties and sensory quality of poultry meat. The use of natural phenols (the main component of essential oils) can delay the lipid oxidation process in broiler muscles.
Regulating the body's antioxidant processes is critical to improving animal health, growth, production, and economic efficiency. Based on existing research, plant-based feed additives are significant in providing a new generation of highly effective antioxidants for the positive and healthy development of animal husbandry. potential.
Oxidation reaction and antioxidant effect
In short, antioxidants are processes in which an antioxidant binds to a potentially hazardous free radical and prevents it from reacting further. Free radicals are chelated by antioxidants and will not cause any harm to the body. Oxidative stress occurs when the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced exceeds the ability of the antioxidant to intercept, which is the cause of many chronic diseases.
There are many antioxidant mechanisms in the body, including endogenous and exogenous (nutritional). Their positive effects are the same, and they can play a "buffering" role for toxic and harmful substances. As long as the body has enough antioxidants, free radicals will not cause serious problems. Conversely, if too much free radicals are generated and not removed in time, it will cause permanent damage to all biological structures in the body. Therefore, it is very useful and necessary to take a series of positive measures to improve the antioxidant performance of animals. Exogenous antioxidants must be efficient, beneficial, and natural antioxidants (Figure 1).
Antioxidant protection of plant feed additives
In addition to its obvious anti-inflammatory effect in the digestive tract, the plant-derived compound is also protected against oxidation.
The antioxidant effects of many plant-derived substances have been reported in the industry, involving an important cellular element, the transcription factor Nrf2. Activation of Nrf2 pathway can induce cellular gene defense against reactive oxygen species and detoxification of exogenous substances (chemicals not owned by organisms). It is reported that plant feed additives can up-regulate the gene expression of Nrf2 target genes, including cytochrome P450 isoenzyme 1A1 (CYP1A1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase 1A1. (UGT1A1), which provides further evidence for the protection of plant-derived compounds at the cellular level (Figure 2).
Therefore, the regular supplementation of plant-based feed additives in the diet can prevent the inflammatory response of the gastrointestinal tract by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway and activating the antioxidant factor Nrf2 (Fig. 3).
Effect of Antioxidant Efficacy of Plant Feed Additives on Meat Quality
It is a consensus that antioxidants in foods play an important role in the storage of food itself and in providing the necessary antioxidants for living organisms.
Oxidation of oils and fats is an important reaction during food processing and storage. Polyunsaturated fatty acids oxidize to form hydroperoxides, which are highly susceptible to further oxidation and decomposition, producing secondary reaction products such as short chain aldehydes, ketone bodies and other oxygenates. This may affect the overall quality of the food, including taste, flavor, nutritional value, concentration of toxic complexes, and food preservation.
Researchers at the University of Athens found that supplementation with plant-based feed additives in corn-soybean-based diets significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity of plasma and chicken, as determined by the ORAC method.
Plant Feed Additives Outlook
The antioxidant efficacy of botanical feed additives has been demonstrated under in vivo and in vitro conditions. These botanical feed additives are very effective in improving the antioxidant capacity of animals, mainly reflected in the improvement of antioxidant properties in animal plasma, muscle and intestine.
In addition to improving animal performance, botanical feed additives have the effect of improving storage quality and ensuring healthy meat production.
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