Currently, in animal feed, a variety of microecological preparations are commonly added to help maintain the balance of gut flora, and they have shown certain beneficial effects. However, the decision on whether to add them and how much to use depends on cost-effectiveness and practical results. In my opinion, not all microecological products have the same ability to suppress harmful bacteria, and their stability—especially under high-temperature conditions during pelletizing—varies significantly. Some produce acids, some release enzymes, and others provide direct nutrients that indirectly promote the growth of beneficial bacteria. Others are more stable than others. Understanding these differences is crucial for selecting the right product for specific needs.
Here are some characteristics of common microecological preparations:
1. Lactobacillus preparations secrete lactic acid and short-chain fatty acids, which can improve feed digestion. They are effective both as a feed additive and in treating certain digestive issues, but they tend to be less stable under harsh conditions.
2. Bacillus subtilis preparations can produce amylase and protease in the digestive tract and also synthesize B-complex vitamins. These are typically used in feed but are not suitable for direct treatment purposes.
3. Bifidobacteria preparations generate lactic acid and certain vitamins, enhancing feed digestion and helping to inhibit pathogenic bacteria while boosting the animal’s immune response. However, they have low stability and grow slowly in the gut. They are also useful in preventing the production of toxic ammonia in the intestines.
4. Spore-forming bacteria, such as certain Bacillus species, are aerobic and do not multiply in anaerobic environments. They help promote the growth of beneficial intestinal flora while inhibiting harmful bacteria. These products are known for their high stability and long shelf life.
5. Yeast-based preparations provide protein and aid in digestion, stimulating the growth of beneficial bacteria. However, they do not produce lactic acid or inhibit pathogenic bacteria effectively, and they tend to have lower stability and slower reproduction rates.
From an animal health perspective, maintaining the natural bacterial balance in the gut is often more beneficial than simply adding external probiotics. While these foreign bacteria may offer some benefits, their ability to colonize and integrate with the existing microbiome is still a topic of discussion. A more scientific approach would involve using nutrients that support the growth of beneficial bacteria and inhibit harmful ones. Substances like organic acids, conjugated linoleic acid, and plant-derived essential oils have proven value in promoting a healthy gut environment and improving overall animal performance in practical feed applications.
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