1. 1 spring motor energy determination
1. 2 spring motor coil spring design
According to the spring motor initial torque M 1 , the maximum torque M m ax (M 2), the supply rotation angle (or transmission stroke), the coil spring inner diameter D, the coil spring core diameter d, the coil spring engineering design can be carried out. The steps are as follows: firstly, according to the given conditions, the maximum torque of the coil spring M ma x(M 2)M m ax = 0. 9 bzp( 5)zp = bh 2 /4( 6) where: zp is the plastic section coefficient; b , h is the width and thickness of the coil spring; b is the tensile strength of the coil spring material. In general, b = (1 600 2 000) N / mm 2, and a spring motor coil spring selected material b = 2 000 N / mm 2 .
The maximum output torque M sm ax of the coil spring is M sm ax = KM max = K 0. 9 bbh 2 4 (7) where: K is the correction factor.
The outer end of the coil spring is pin-type fixed, K is 0. 72 0. 78, which is a fixed type of the outer end of the common coil spring. Of course, there are also hinged fixing, V-shaped fixing and the like.
For different forms, the K value is also different. V-shaped fixed, K value is taken to be 0. 80 0. 85; hinged fixed, K value is taken as 0. 65 0. 70. The outer end of a spring motor coil spring is a pin-type fixed form, taking K = 0. 78.
The thickness h of the coil spring is h = M m ax 0. 225 bb (8) where: b is the width of the coil spring, which can be determined according to the size of the coil spring structure.
Since the number of geometrical dimensions that need to be determined often exceeds the number of known relationships when designing a cartridge (box) coil spring, it is often desirable to select some dimensions and parameters during design. Generally, under the premise of satisfying the torque requirement, the larger coil spring width b is selected as much as possible according to the axial dimension of the mechanism, and the thickness h is reduced. Thus, on the one hand, the radial dimension can be reduced, and on the other hand, the torque of the coil spring changes. Also relatively small.
The number of turns of the coil spring work is generally given according to the requirements of the bomber for the bomb. It can also be calculated according to formula (9), ie ng = < 2(R 2 + 0 2) - (R + 0) > /h - n 0( 9) where: R is the inner radius of the coil spring; 0 is the volume The radius of curvature of the inner end of the spring elastic portion after tightening.
And 0 = mh, where m is the coil spring strength coefficient, generally taking m = 15 16. A spring motor coil spring m = 16.
The working length L g of the coil spring is L g = ng EhM sm ax 0. 43 b (M sma x - M sm in) (10) where: E is the elastic modulus.
For T7 T12 take E = 205 800 MPa, for other spring steel materials, the E value can be 200 000 210 000 M Pa. A feeder spring material E takes 210 000 M Pa.
The inner radius of the coil spring is R = 2L gh / + 0 2 (11) The radius of the coil spring is r = 0 - 1. 5h ( 12) The lengths of the inner and outer ends of the coil spring are L n, L w are: L n = 30( 13)L w = 1. 5 0( 14) The total length L of the coil spring is L = L g + L n + L w ( 15) The maximum number of revolutions of the coil spring N m ax is n ma x = < 2(R 2 + 0 2) - (R + 0) > /h( 16) When the coil spring is tightened, the number of turns nj is calculated by the following formula: nj = 1 2h(d 2 + 4hL g / - d ) ( 17) Medium: D is the diameter of the coil spring mandrel. A spring motor coil spring mandrel diameter d = 30 mm The coil spring from the free state to the tightening n is determined by the following formula n = 0. 43?
b L g Eh ( 18) The number of turns in the free state of the coil spring n Z is n Z = nj - n( 19) ) The number of turns of the coil spring is ns = ns = 1 2h (D - D 2 - 4L gh / ( 20 In the formula: D is the inner diameter of the coil spring. The inner diameter of a spring motor coil spring D = 123 mm coil spring is generally made of high carbon steel, commonly used carbon tool steel T7 T10, etc. For special or important use Conditions, high elastic alloy steels such as 65Mn, 60S i2Mn, 50CrVA, 60S i2C rA, etc. may also be used.
The hardness of the coil spring is generally selected according to the tensile strength b of the material, and the tensile strength can also be selected according to the hardness of the coil spring after heat treatment. For example, the hardness of 49. 5 55. 2HRC, the corresponding tensile strength b (MPa) is 1 754 2 087. There is a matching problem here.
2 key problems in the production of spring motors
2. 1 The error of the spring motor tightening and relaxing torque Because the spring motor power source often uses the contact type planar scroll spring (coil spring), after the winding, the springs are in close contact with each other, and hug on the coil spring mandrel, loose When the coil is released, the deformation energy is released and the working torque is output. When fully relaxed, the spring coils are also in close contact and pressed against the cylinder wall. The relationship between the torque and the angular deformation of the spring is related to the spring material, the inner diameter of the reel, the diameter of the mandrel, the length of the spring, the cross-sectional dimension and the fixed form of the inner and outer ends, and the surface roughness of the spring material. Relevant lubrication conditions. That is, the friction has a great influence on the contact type planar scroll spring, which increases the error of the spring motor tightening and the relaxation torque, so that the calculated value is difficult to match the actual value.
Therefore, in the design, we should minimize the influence of friction, improve the surface roughness of the material, and use vacuum quenching and lubricant to reduce the error of tightening and relaxing torque. Of course, the smaller the error value, the better, but according to the working characteristics of the coil spring, the error cannot reach the ideal state, especially the final error of the coil spring tightening will be larger. From the situation in the past product design and production, it is very difficult to give a standard range. Nevertheless, the value of the spring motor tightening and relaxation torque is given a reference value of 8% 15%. The general torque initial segment is small, the last segment is large, and the individual range may exceed the maximum. value.
At the same time, comprehensive consideration should be given when dealing with the problem of consistency of coil spring quality. First of all, we must analyze the coil spring torque characteristic map, which is the basic point of dealing with the quality problems of the spring motor and the coil spring, and then pay special attention to the number of coil springs. The primary and secondary distinctions can be made to properly and reasonably handle technical quality issues in production, taking into account the premise that the spring motor torque characteristics are met.
2. 2 spring motor rotation problem The spring motor rotation direction is determined according to the direction in which the delivery machine transmits the projectile. Once the spring motor output direction is determined, the direction of the coil spring assembly is also determined. Because the outer end of the coil spring is fixed on the wall of the coil spring, and the inner end is fixed on the mandrel, the spring motor releases the rotational output torque by the outer end of the coil spring. Therefore, the rotation direction must be paid attention to during assembly. This point should be paid attention to both the old and new assembly workers, and the inspectors should follow the check in advance.
2. The stress concentration problem of the three coil springs is due to the fact that the coil spring is fixed at the inner and outer ends and the intermediate torsional deformation reserves the energy, and the inner end rotates under the force, and finally the outer end rotates under the force, so the inner and outer ends are most stressed. In order to reduce its influence, both the inner and outer ends are to be annealed, and the length can be calculated according to the above formula for L n and L w . If there is more space in the coil spring, the annealing length should be appropriately lengthened. In addition, the inner and outer ends are connected to the fixing holes, especially the square holes, and should be rounded and smoothly transitioned. Otherwise, when the coil spring is tightly stressed, it will be broken or subjected to fatigue and fatigue failure. These structures and parameters are considered in a coil spring design. Of course, you must be controlled in production, and a little negligence will appear in front? Otherwise the consequences of %.
2. 4 The locking problem of the spring motor on the spring is due to the fact that the spring motor is rotated by the external energy to rotate the coil spring spindle to rotate the coil spring. If there is no mechanism to prevent the coil spring core from reversing, the coil spring will be generated. Rotating and oscillating is always not tight. Therefore, it is necessary to design an anti-reverse mechanism, generally in the form of a ratchet pawl. In order to ensure the reliability of the mechanism, a ratchet wheel is mounted on the coil spring mandrel, and the spring motor housing or the cover connected to the housing is provided with two pawls which can be alternately engaged with the ratchet wheel to solve the locking problem when the spring motor is spring-loaded. The ratchet pawl is stressed and wearable, especially the pawl return spring is more susceptible to fatigue failure. Therefore, the quality check of this locking function is also an important point for the inspector.
3 Conclusion
The spring motor is the closing component of the feeder. Its design quality and quality of production directly affect the supply of bomb energy. The most important thing is the torque characteristics of the coil spring, which is the basic point of design and production control, and the experience of the designer to deal with the problem. Therefore, as long as the coil spring design is correct, the processing quality control is in place, and the assembly and adjustment meet the requirements, such products generally meet the requirements for use, which has been proved by a large number of long-term use practices.
A Heterocyclic Compound or ring structure is a cyclic compound that has atoms of at least two different elements as members of its ring(s).[1] Heterocyclic chemistry is the branch of organic chemistry dealing with the synthesis, properties, and applications of these heterocycles
Examples of heterocyclic compounds include all of the nucleic acids, the majority of drugs, most biomass (cellulose and related materials), and many natural and synthetic dyes.
Although heterocyclic compounds may be inorganic, most contain at least one carbon. While atoms that are neither carbon nor hydrogen are normally referred to in organic chemistry as heteroatoms, this is usually in comparison to the all-carbon backbone. But this does not prevent a compound such as borazine (which has no carbon atoms) from being labelled "heterocyclic". IUPAC recommends the Hantzsch-Widman nomenclature for naming heterocyclic compounds.
Heterocyclic Compound
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