Several concepts
Bolt line: The center line of the bolt holes that are arranged in rows on the component.
Bolt distance p: The center distance of the bolt holes adjacent to the bolt line.
Line spacing g: the spacing between two adjacent bolt lines.
End distance a: The distance from the center of the last bolt hole in the connection along the direction of the force to the end of the member.
Margin c: The distance from the center of the last bolt hole in the connection to the direction of the force to the edge of the member.
I. Requirements for bolt alignment
1. Stress requirements
In order to prevent the end of the plate from being broken or cut, the end distance should not be too small; in order to prevent the steel between the bolt holes from being damaged, the bolt distance should not be too small;
For the pressure-receiving member, in order to prevent the connecting plate from being bulged, the bolt distance cannot be too large.
2. Construction requirements
In order to prevent the end plate from lifting, the end distance cannot be too large;
In order to prevent the contact between the plates from being dense, it is easy to enter the moisture, the steel is easy to rust, and the line spacing and the bolt distance cannot be too large.
3. Construction requirements
In order to facilitate the tightening of the nut by the wrench, the bolt distance cannot be too small.
2. Requirements for arranging bolts on steel sheet stacks
As shown in the figure: a plan view of a stack of two or more steel plates showing the arrangement of the bolts.
The design specification specifies the minimum and maximum allowable distances for arranging bolts, including rivets. See the table below.
3. Requirements for arranging bolts on angle steel
Considering the wrench size and the necessary margins for tightening the bolts, the maximum bolt diameters used on the angles are shown in the table below.
4. Requirements for arranging bolts on hot-rolled I-beam and hot-rolled channel steel
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