Harmful factors and analysis methods in safety production

I. Categories of major hazards in safe production

Classified according to the direct cause of the accident , that is, according to the “Classification and Code of Hazardous and Harmful Factors in Production Process” (GB/T 13861-1992) , the hazards and harmful factors in the production process are divided into 6 categories, 37 small class.

( 1 ) Physical dangers and harmful factors

Including equipment and facilities defects, electrical hazards, high and low temperature hazards, noise and vibration, radiation, harmful dust, a total of 15 species.

( 2 ) Chemical hazards and harmful factors

Including flammable, explosive, toxic, corrosion and other 5 kinds.

( 3 ) Biological hazards and harmful factors

There are five kinds of pathogenic microorganisms and harmful animals and plants.

( 4 ) Psychological, physiological and harmful factors

For example, there are 5 kinds of abnormal health and psychological abnormalities .

( 5 ) Behavioral hazards and harmful factors

There are 4 kinds such as wrong operation and command error .

( 6 ) Other dangerous and harmful factors

Insufficient work space, unclear identification, etc.

You can also refer to “Classification of Casualties of Employees in Enterprises” (GB 6441-1986) to comprehensively consider the cause of the accident, the induced cause of the accident, the hazards caused, and the method of injury, and classify the risk factors into object strike, vehicle injury, and mechanical injury. , lifting injuries, electric shock, drowning, scalding, fire, falling from heights, collapse, collapsed roof, water penetration, blasting, gunpowder explosion, gas explosion, boiler explosion, container explosion, other explosions, poisoning and suffocation, and other injuries Wait for 20 categories.

Second, the main content of danger, hazard identification

( 1 ) Site

Engineering geology, topography, hydrology, meteorological conditions, etc.

( 2 ) General layout

a. General map: functional district layout; high temperature, hazardous substances, noise, radiation, flammable and explosive dangerous goods facilities layout; process layout; buildings, structures layout; wind direction, safety distance, health protection distance and so on.

b . Transportation lines and terminals: factory roads, factory railways, dangerous goods loading and unloading areas, and factory docks.

( 3 ) Construction and Structures

Fire hazard classification, fire hazard classification, fire resistance rating, structure, number of floors, and fire separation distances for warehouse storage of articles.

( 4 ) Process

a. Newly built, reconstructed and expanded project design phase: Examine the basic elimination measures, preventive measures, risk reduction measures, isolation measures, interlocking measures, safety colors and safety signs;

b. The comprehensive assessment of the security situation can be analyzed and identified based on the industry and professional characteristics and the safety standards and procedures established by the industry and the professional;

c. Identify hazards and harmful factors that are typical of the unit processes in many manuals, specifications, procedures, and regulations.

( 5 ) Production Equipment and Devices

a. Chemical equipment and equipment: emergency conditions such as high temperature, low temperature, corrosion, high pressure, vibration, spare parts at key locations, control, operation, overhaul, faults, and errors.

b . Mechanical equipment: moving parts and parts, operating conditions, inspection operations, misoperation and misoperation.

c . Electrical equipment: power failure, electric shock, fire, explosion, misoperation and misoperation, static electricity, and lightning.

d . More dangerous equipment and equipment at high altitudes. e . Special monomer equipment and devices: boiler room, acetylene station, oxygen station, oil depot, dangerous goods storehouse, etc. f . Dust, poison, noise, vibration, radiation, high temperature, low temperature and other harmful parts.

g. management facilities, emergency rescue and auxiliary production facilities, or sanitary facilities.

Third, the identification of hazard factors and analysis methods

( 1 ) Intuitive experience analysis method

a. Control and empirical methods: The method of analyzing the hazards and harmful factors of the evaluation object by means of experience and judgement ability against the relevant standards, regulations, checklists or relying on the analysts' observation and analysis capabilities.

b. Analogy method: Use the same or similar engineering system or operating conditions of experience and statistical data of labor safety and health to analogize and evaluate the hazards and harmful factors of the evaluation object.

( 2 ) System safety analysis method: Use some system safety engineering evaluation methods to identify hazards and harmful factors. System security analysis methods are often used in new development systems that are complex and have no accident experience. Commonly used system security analysis methods include event trees and accident trees.

Fourth, control hazards, hazards and countermeasures

1 . Improve the production process and implement mechanized and automated production.

2 . Set up safety devices such as guards, safety devices, signal devices and hazard signs and identification signs.

3 . Mechanical strength test: spacer for a certain period, mechanical (e.g., steam boiler their main accessories, pressure vessels, cranes and mechanical equipment, and a larger diameter, high speed grinding wheel) is higher than the withstand load test workload , If the test object is not damaged within the test time, residual deformation or other defects, it is considered qualified to permit operation.

4 . Electrical safety measures: including safety certification, standby power, protection against electric shock, electrical fire and explosion prevention, and anti-static measures.

5 . Maintenance of machinery and equipment and planned maintenance

6 . Arrangement and cleanliness of workplaces: According to ergonomic requirements, the installation of machinery and equipment shall be made to conform to the operating habits of the workers, and the operation shall be convenient, so that the route through which the processed articles pass shall be the shortest; the passageways of the workplace, equipment and the walls and pillars of the buildings shall be The distance between the two must comply with the safety requirements; the workplace should store boxes, cabinets, shelves, etc. for storing tools, blanks, and finished products; and keep the workplace clean and flat.

7 . Equipped with personal protective equipment

The information in this article comes from the Internet and was reorganized and edited by China Rescue Equipment Network.