At present, the "Fire Automatic Alarm System Design Specification" GB50116-2013 has been formally implemented for one year. Compared with the 98 version, this specification has a large change and many new contents. Design, plan approval, construction units, and fire control authorities and developers are all discussing; therefore it may take some time for the full implementation of the new fire regulations.
1Comparative analysis of new fire gauges There are 24 new rules for fire gauges, some of them are provisions for the manufacture of fire products, and some of them are requirements for the constructors of the construction program: as in 4.1.1, the fire-fighting linkage controller should be able to According to the set control logic, the linkage control signal is sent to the related controlled device, and the linkage feedback signal of the relevant device is received. 4.1.6 Fire-fighting equipment that requires the automatic control of the fire alarm system shall use the logical combination of the "and" logic of the alarm signals of two independent alarm triggering devices. This is to improve accuracy and prevent misuse. The front room of the smoke prevention staircase, the front room and the front room of the fire elevator are only equipped with a small protection area for the detector. One trigger signal is a smoke detector and the other trigger signal is a manual manual alarm button. For the design unit, some strong items need to be written in the description, and some strong items should be implemented in the design drawings. Some plan review experts have determined that the strong design article has not written instructions, as a violation of the strong article, I do not dare to agree. If all relevant professional blackbody texts are written in the description, you can imagine how long the design description will be.
(1)Strength 3.1.6, bus short-circuit isolator should be set on the system bus, the total number of fire-fighting devices such as fire detectors, manual fire alarm buttons and modules protected by each bus short-circuit isolator should not exceed 32 points; bus crossing In the case of fire partitioning, a bus short-circuit isolator should be installed at the crossing point, which will lead to a significant increase in design workload. The connection between the bus short-circuit isolator and the detector is radial and ring-shaped. The radial-arrangement system has high reliability and is recommended. The bus short isolator is relatively concentrated in one or more boxes (see Firefighting Atlas 14X505-1, P9/P10).
(2)Strong 3.1.7: In buildings exceeding 100m in extent, except for the controllers provided in the fire control room, the fire detectors, manual alarm buttons, and modules directly controlled by each controller should not cross the refuge layer. . The meaning of this article is that the fire alarm controller installed in the non-fire control room of a super high-rise building should be controlled in sections, and the connected probes, manual alarm buttons and modules should not cross the refuge floor of the area where the fire controller is located. In order to prevent the alarm bus from being blown out in the event of a fire, the system is paralyzed and alarms and linkages cannot be made.
The following two non-strength articles also require attention:
(1) 3.1.5: The total number of devices and addresses of fire detectors, manual fire alarm buttons and modules connected to any fire alarm controller shall not exceed 3,200 points, and the total number of devices connected to each bus loop Should not exceed 200 points, and should have a margin of not less than 10% of the rated capacity; the total number of various types of modules controlled by the total number of addresses of any fire-fighting linkage controller or fire alarm controller (linkage type) shall not exceed 1600 points. The total number of equipment connected to each bus loop should not exceed 100 points, and there should be a margin of at least 10% of the rated total.
This regulation limits the capacity and scale of automatic fire alarm controllers and fire linkage controllers, and increases the reliability of automatic fire alarm systems. For large-scale projects, N fire alarms and M sets of fire may be required. Linkage controller. The area of ​​the fire control room is bound to increase accordingly. The electrical profession must communicate with the construction professional immediately. Otherwise, according to conventional thinking, the installation of equipment will be in trouble.
(2) 3.1.8: The fire control electrical control devices such as the pump control cabinet and the fan control cabinet shall not use the frequency conversion starting method.
When starting up and running the inverter, the inverter will perform stable speed regulation according to the load changes it brings and it will always work. Once the fire-fighting equipment is started up, it must run at rated power. Therefore, the frequency conversion starting method should not be used. The step-down start of the fire fighting equipment may be star triangle, soft start, and the like.
2 The choice of the form of the system and the design requirements The new fire regulation has cancelled the 98 edition of the classification of the object of protection, and determines the automatic fire alarm system according to the scale and nature of the building (there are three options).
(1) Regional alarm system: 3.2.1.1 only requires alarms, and it does not require linkage. The object of protection of automatic fire-fighting equipment should adopt the regional alarm system.
(2) Centralized alarm system: 3.2.1.2 requires not only alarm, but also linkage of automatic fire-fighting equipment, and only one fire alarm controller and fire-fighting linkage controller with centralized control function should be used to protect objects. A centralized alarm system should be adopted. And a fire control room should be set up.
(3) Alarm system of the control center: 3.2.1.3 Set up the protection objects of two or more fire control rooms or the protection objects of two or more centralized alarm systems. The alarm system of the control center shall be used.
(4) 3.2.4.1 When there are two or more fire control rooms, a main fire control room shall be established.
(5) 3.2.4.2 The main fire control room shall be capable of displaying all fire alarm signals and linkage control status signals, and shall be capable of controlling important fire fighting equipment; each sub-fire fighting control room fire fighting equipment may transmit and display status information between each other, but Should not control each other.
The main fire control room controls important fire-fighting equipment such as fire pumps and spray pumps that require direct central control, but do not control the equipment controlled by other fire control rooms: positive pressure blowers, exhaust fans, fire elevators, fire doors, fire shutters, etc. . The main fire control room and sub fire control room must have the same information.
(6) Setting of fire control room 3.4.1 A fire control room shall be provided for the protection of the fire automatic alarm system with fire-fighting linkage function.
“The Code for Design of Electrical Installations for Residential Buildings†JGJ242-2011, Section 14.2.3 explains: Residential buildings with a building height of 100m or 35 floors and above require a fire control room in each building.
1 The fire control room requires 24-hour professionals to be on duty. Therefore, the number of fire control rooms must be set carefully so as to avoid increasing operating costs without any reason.
26.1.4 Central alarm system and control center The regional fire alarm controller in the alarm system can be set in an unattended location when the following conditions are met.
1) There is no fire linkage equipment that needs manual control in this area.
2) All information of the fire alarm controller is displayed on the centralized fire alarm controller, and can receive the linkage control signal of the fire alarm controller which has centralized control function, and automatically start the corresponding fire fighting equipment.
3) Only the staff on duty can enter the set place.
3 Fire control linkage control There are two types of manual control in the linkage control: 1 linkage control manual control panel dedicated line control, abreast of the special line manual control; 2 through the operation of fire control linkage controller bus control panel buttons to achieve, can be referred to as non- Dedicated line manual control.
(1) Spray pump: The spray pump control is not changed, and it is still the fire control room manual (special line manual control), automatic and wet alarm valve pressure switch direct start pump; (2) linkage control design of fire hydrant system, new version of fire gauge Larger changes: It accepts three direct-onset signals and automatic control of the fire control room, manual control (manual line manual control).
14.3.1 linkage control method, should be controlled by the low pressure pressure switch installed on the fire hydrant outlet pipe, flow valve or alarm valve pressure switch on the high fire water outlet pipe as a trigger signal to directly control the start of the fire hydrant pump, linkage control should not Affected by the fire-fighting linkage controller in the automatic or manual state. When the fire hydrant button is set, the action signal of the fire hydrant button should be used as the alarm signal and the linkage trigger signal for starting the hydrant pump. The linkage control of the fire fighting linkage controller controls the start of the hydrant pump.
The low pressure pressure switch provided on the fire hydrant water main pipe, the flow switch set on the high fire water tank water outlet pipe or the alarm valve pressure switch signal (note that the three are or the relationship), and the fire hydrant pump is directly controlled and started.
In the 98 version of the standard, the fire hydrant button's action signal directly activates the hydrant pump. Now it is used as the linkage trigger signal to activate the hydrant pump on the bus. However, the tab button still cannot replace it because the hydrant button gives the location of the fire hydrant. The manual button is a manual alarm device. It is set up according to the fire partition and is connected to the fire alarm controller. The fire hydrant button is the trigger device for starting the fire hydrant pump. It is set up according to the fire hydrant's deployment point and is connected to the fire fighting linkage controller. When the building does not have an automatic fire alarm system, the fire hydrant button can directly start the hydrant pump.
(3) Linkage control design of gas fire extinguishing system and foam fire extinguishing system 14.4.1. The gas fire extinguishing system and the foam fire extinguishing system shall be respectively controlled by a dedicated gas fire extinguishing controller and a foam fire extinguishing controller.
24.4.2.1 Alarm signals from two separate fire detectors in the same protection area. An alarm signal of a fire detector and a manual fire alarm button or an emergency start signal outside the protection area is used as a linkage trigger signal of the system. The combination of the detector is preferably a smoke detector and a temperature detector, and various types of detection. The device shall be separately calculated according to the provisions of Section 6.2 of this specification.
Gas fire extinguishing systems and foam fire extinguishing systems have two forms of local autonomy and centralized control. Local autonomy, fire detectors directly connected to the controller, automatic fire extinguishing. Central centralized control: The coded smoke and temperature detectors in the protected area are connected to the automatic fire alarm system. The gas fire extinguishing controller and the foam fire extinguishing controller are acted upon by commands of the fire alarm controller and the fire linkage controller. At present, the main self-propelled gas fire extinguishing controller, ie, local self-government type, such control method, alarm controller and gas fire extinguishing controller must have CCCF certificate. There is manual and automatic control on site, and status information must be fed back to the fire control room.
(4) Linkage control design of smoke prevention and control system The system smoke prevention fan (positive pressure blower), smoke exhaust fan, air supply outlet, electric stall smoke wall, smoke exhaust outlet, smoke exhaust window, smoke exhaust valve, accept fire fighting linkage Controller automatic and manual control (non-dedicated manual control). The anti-exhaust and exhaust fans receive the automatic and manual (special line manual control) control of the fire control room linkage controller.
The exhaust fire damper provided on the main pipe at the entrance of the exhaust fan is closed at 280 degrees, and the exhaust fan is directly linked to stop. Related information is fed back to the fire control room.
The fire dampers provided on the ventilation ducts are installed on the outside of the ventilation room to prevent the smoke from spreading along the ventilation ducts. Under special circumstances, ventilation ducts (such as air-conditioning ducts) are allowed to enter or pass through electrical equipment rooms (such as power distribution room, telephone room, and central control room). At this time, in the wall of the duct on the wall between the electrical equipment room, A fire damper shall be provided outside the wall to prevent the pyrotechnics between the equipment from being transmitted, and no fireworks outside the equipment shall be allowed to enter the equipment room. Normally the fire damper is in the normally open state. When the temperature in the pipe exceeds 70°C in the fire, the fire damper blades on the pipeline turn over 90° under the electromagnetic force to block the pipeline. After the fire was over, the fire damper resumed its normal open state.
(5) Linkage control design of fire doors and fire curtain systems 1 Normally closed fire doors do not require linkage. Normally open fire doors are closed by receiving a fire linkage controller or fire door monitor command. The fire door monitor is located in a fire control room or a manned place. The electric fire door has a manual control button on the site, on the inside of the door, 0.5m away from the door and 0.9~1.3m high on the wall. Design and implementation: Detector and hand report information in the area where the fire door is located Access to the fire automatic alarm controller through the bus; Fire alarm controller and fire door monitor communication: Realize linkage control and information feedback; Fire door monitor leads to 24V power supply Line and alarm buses, normally open fire doors with I/O modules (receive commands to close and feedback status information), and normally closed fire doors have I modules (only feedback status information). The SA-DC02 fire door monitor produced by a Guangzhou Fire Protection Technology Co., Ltd. has been put on the market.
24.6.3.1 (rolling curtain door on evacuation channel) linkage control method, alarm signals of any two independent smoke detectors in the fire zone or any smoke detectors specially used for interlocking fire curtains shall be linked Control the fire shutter down to 1.8m away from the floor surface; any alarm signal of a temperature-sensitive fire detector specially designed for interlocking fire shutters shall be linked to control the fire shutter down to the floor surface; on either side of the roller blind No less than 2 heat-sensing fire detectors specially designed for interlocking fire shutter doors shall be installed within 0.5 to 5 meters of the depth of the roller shutter.
3 Fireproof shutter doors with manual buttons on both sides of the fire shutter where any two independent detectors in the fire area, non-fire channel shutter door down to the end, and accept the fire control room manual control (non-dedicated manual control). See Fire Atlas 14X505-1, P26. The fire shutter on the car garage of the underground garage should be designed for two landings.
(6) Linkage of fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system 4.9.2 When the fire is confirmed, the fire emergency lighting area and the evacuation instruction system of the entire building evacuation passage are started from the fire alarm area and the system is fully put into emergency. The starting time of the state should not be greater than 5s. Compared with the 98th edition, all emergency lighting is not required to be activated, such as emergency lighting for equipment rooms.
Article 13.8.5 of the Civil Building Electrical Design Code, JGJ16-2008, emergency lighting After the normal lighting power supply is stopped, the emergency power supply switching time should meet the following requirements: 1) The standby lighting should not be greater than 5s, financial transactions Location should not be greater than 1.5s; 2) evacuation lighting should not be greater than 5s. If the emergency power supply for diesel generators, because its start-up time is generally less than 30s, fire emergency lighting and evacuation lights still need to set EPS power.
(7) Non-eliminating and cutting off linkage control 4.10.1, the fire linkage linkage controller shall have the function of cutting off the non-fire power source in the fire area and related areas. When it is necessary to cut off the normal lighting, it should be before the automatic sprinkler system and the hydrant system moves. Take it off.
If the normal lighting is in the lighting state in the event of a fire, it should be maintained because the illumination of normal lighting is high, which is conducive to the evacuation of personnel. Non-fire power sources such as normal lighting and live water pump power supply will not cause electric shock accidents and secondary disasters as long as they are removed before the action of the water system; other power sources that do not need to continue working in the event of a fire, or will not cause losses after the fire is removed Non-fire power can be removed immediately after the fire is confirmed. The removal of normal lighting is difficult to control because of the time. In the specific implementation, it can be linked with the action signal of the fire pump and use the pump signal to cut off the normal lighting of the non-fire-fighting load.
Non-fire power sources that can be immediately cut off in the event of a fire include ordinary power loads, escalators, sewage pumps, air conditioning power, recreational facilities, and kitchen facilities. Non-fire power sources that should not be cut off immediately in a fire include: normal lighting, domestic water feed pumps, safety and security system facilities, basement drainage pumps, passenger elevators, and I-III garages as lifts for vehicle evacuation ports.
As for the location of the cut-off point, it should be cut off at the power distribution station in principle. This is safer. When powered devices are powered by closed busbars, they can be cut off in small distribution rooms. The buses supplying power to the houses are recommended to be cut off at substations.
(8) Linkage control design of fire alarm and fire emergency broadcasting system 14.8.1, fire alarm system should be set up for fire automatic alarm system, and all fire audible and visual light alarms in the building should be started after confirming the fire.
Article 24.8.5. When multiple fire alarms are installed in the same building, the fire alarm system shall be able to start and stop all fire alarms at the same time.
34.8.8, linkage control signals of the fire emergency broadcasting system shall be issued by the fire fighting linkage controller. When the fire is confirmed, it should be broadcast to the entire building at the same time.
Section 46.5.1, fire light alarm should be set on the stairs of each floor, the fire elevator front room, the internal corners of the building and other obvious parts, and should not be placed on the same wall with the safety exit lights. Some of the designs put light alarms in stairwells, contrary to this.
Article 54.8.12: When a fire emergency radio broadcast is used in conjunction with ordinary broadcasting or background music broadcasting, it shall have the function of forcibly entering fire emergency broadcasting. See Fire Atlas 14X505-1, P27 for details.
64.8.9, the single-speech playback time of the fire emergency broadcasting should be 10~20s, and should be alternated between fire alarms and time-sharing.
The design of a fire emergency broadcasting system requires that all buildings should be lit during a fire. For a residential community, the “full-floor building†in the specification should be understood as the building where the fire occurred, not all the buildings in the residential area. Alarms and fire emergency broadcasts cannot replace each other. Whether sound, light, sound and light alarms are set at the same time need to be considered again.
Centralized alarm systems and control center systems should be equipped with emergency broadcasts, and high-rise buildings should be equipped with emergency broadcasts.
When commercial broadcasts are used in conjunction with fire emergency broadcasts, emergency broadcasts have the highest priority. In the event of a fire, service broadcasts and service broadcasts must be forcibly switched to fire emergency broadcast (within 10 seconds). When there is a volume switch in the speaker circuit, when an emergency broadcast is played, the volume switch must be forced on. Fire emergency broadcast wire and trunking shall be made of flame-retardant materials, and outdoor lines shall have lightning protection facilities. In places where the ambient noise is greater than 60dB, the sound pressure level of the playback should be 15dB higher than the background noise. The broadcasting speaker should use flame retardant material or have a flame-retardant rear cover structure.
The general broadcast distance is greater than 100m, the transmission voltage should be 70V or 100V constant voltage output; if it is greater than 1kW.M, the transmission voltage can be 150V, 200V, 250V. In the 3KM broadcasting signal line, ordinary cables can be used; if it is more than 3KM, Category 5 cables, coaxial cables or optical cables should be used. The power of fire-fighting power amplifier equipment should not be less than 1.5 times the sum of speaker power (usually broadcast can be 1.3 times); public places (walkways, halls, etc.) speakers are not less than 3W, rooms are not less than 1W. Loudspeaker arrangement pitch is not more than 25m, ends are cut in half .
4 Selection of fire detectors In section 15.2.2.3, point-type smoke detectors should be selected for stairs, walkways, elevator rooms, and garages.
Prior to this, the garage mainly used temperature detectors and 1/10 smoke detectors, subject to conditions. Because the smoke detector alarm early, leaving a longer time for evacuation, protection of life should be adopted. Temperature-sensing detectors are mainly used for confirming fires, starting fire-fighting equipment and applications in special places.
2 Linear tunneling and temperature detectors for cable tunnels. Optical fiber temperature detectors are now immature and can only be used for tank fire detection.
3 Aspirated smoke detectors are used for a lot of tall space, so the design must see the manufacturer's test report. If the diameter of the suction pipe is large, how big the hole is, and how much is the hole distance.
The current fire detectors have their own shortcomings, especially the new type of fire detectors, which should be used with caution when the detection indexes are uncertain; fire alarm detectors should use conventional products as far as possible, and new products should only be adopted when they are last resort.
5 system equipment settings 16.4.1, each area should be set up an area monitor (fire display panel); hotels, restaurants and other places should be set in each alarm area monitor. When an alarm area includes multiple floors, an area display showing only the floor should be provided on each floor.
In the house, a fire display panel should be installed in each unit door.
2 Module settings 6.8.2, the module is strictly prohibited in the distribution (control) cabinet (box).
6.8.3, modules in the alarm area should not control equipment in other alarm areas.
These two are mandatory provisions. Please pay attention to electrical design.
6 Automatic fire alarm system for residential buildings This is a new addition. This chapter is not mandatory and should be implemented during exploration. Bedrooms, living rooms, and study rooms in addition to bathrooms should have at least one smoke detector and a combustible gas detector in the kitchen.
17.2.1.2 Domestic fire detectors installed in households can be connected to home fire alarm controllers or directly to fire alarm controllers (home fire alarm controllers can be wall-mounted, with a distance of 1.3~1.5m. Video intercom function should be installed near the entrance door).
Class A system: This system should be used for houses that have centralized property monitoring and control and have linkage facilities. The common parts of the system (such as the front elevator room, stairwells, and bottom shops) are designed according to traditional practices. Residential fire alarm detectors can be connected to home fire alarm controllers (home fire alarm controllers transmit fire and fault information to fire alarm controllers), and home fire detectors can also be directly connected to fire alarm controllers.
Class B system: Only residential property monitoring and management of the family should choose A or B systems.
Class C systems: Class C systems should be used for houses without centralized property monitoring and management.
It should be noted here that in Class B and C systems, residential fire alarm detectors should be connected to home fire alarm controllers, and home fire alarm controllers should be able to activate sound alarms in public areas. Class B systems, home fire alarm controllers should be connected to the monitoring center to show fire occupants.
Class D system: Villa and old room renovation can be used. The use of interconnected independent probes (including detection, alarm function, battery power for three years. A room starts, all the rest of the room alarm). The transformation of old houses can be wired, wireless or a combination of both.
27.3.2.3, methane detectors should be set on the top of the kitchen, propane detectors should be set in the lower part of the kitchen, carbon monoxide detectors can be set in the lower part of the kitchen, but also in other parts. (Normally natural gas is used in the project and methane detectors should be used).
Article 7.3.2.4, combustible gas detectors should not be located directly above the stove.
For 7.3.2.5, combustible gas detectors with the function of shutting off gas shut-off valves in conjunction shall be used.
In Section 7.3.2.6, the gas shut-off valve associated with the detector should be a shut-off valve that the user can reset by itself and should have the function of automatic protection of the hose fall off.
When kitchens and bathrooms use gas for energy, gas detectors should be provided. The gas detector shall have the output interface of the gas inlet main valve of the household forcibly cut off when necessary. The same applies to apartment buildings, commercial and residential buildings, and apartment buildings.
When the gas detector is connected to a network intercom system, the gas detector power supply should be provided by the intercom system. If used from a kitchen AC power outlet, it will bring insecurity to the intercom system. If the intercom system uses a non-network type, it cannot send an alarm signal to the management host. In this case, the kitchen gas detector cannot access the intercom system. An independent detector is required, and the power supply is provided by a kitchen-specific AC power outlet.
3 Emergency Radio Settings Super high-rise residential buildings should have fire control rooms and emergency broadcasting systems.
A type system (which can design an emergency broadcast system) can also use fire alarms and emergency radios to set up one floor apart. The sound insulation effect of the floor is determined in the design so as not to interfere with each other. Type B, C, and D systems may only have sound alarms.
Fire alarms and emergency broadcasts shall be able to receive direct control of the fire control room linkage control and the manual fire alarm button (located in the obvious part of the first floor). See Fire Atlas 14X505-1, P52. Each fire alarm or emergency radio coverage does not exceed three floors. The broadcasting power amplifier is located on the side wall of the aisle in the first floor and should have a telephone jack. When the battery power supply is less than 1 hour, it should be able to alert the fire control room or property management.
7 Flammable gas detection and alarm system 18.1.2, combustible gas detection and alarm system should be independent of other systems, combustible gas detectors should not be connected to the detector circuit of the fire alarm controller; when the flammable gas alarm signal needs to be connected to the fire automatically The alarm system should be accessed by a flammable gas alarm controller. The reason is that the combustible gas detector has a large power consumption and is replaced more frequently, which poses a threat to the fire alarm system.
Article 28.2.2, combustible gas detectors should be set near where flammable gas may be generated.
38.2.3, the radius of protection of point type combustible gas detectors shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard “Code for the Design of Detection and Alarming of Petrochemical Combustible Gases and Toxic Gases†GB50493.
As the subsystem of the fire automatic alarm system, the alarm and fault information of the combustible gas detection alarm controller shall be displayed on the fire control room graphic display device or the fire automatic alarm controller.
The location where the gas detector is set: generally the kitchen is near the stove, and the gas boiler room is located near the gas boiler and the gas pipeline and the public area along the gas pipeline. The density of the gas to be detected should also be taken into consideration, and it should be set at the top, middle or lower part of the detection area.
8 System power supply and wiring 110.1.5, the output power of emergency power of fire fighting equipment shall be greater than 120% of the full load power of automatic fire alarm and linkage control system. The capacity of battery pack shall ensure that the fire automatic alarm and linkage control system work simultaneously in the state of fire. Continuous work more than 3 hours under load conditions.
The above is a requirement for the manufacturer. For the design unit, when the fire alarm line is long, it should verify whether the line voltage drop meets the requirements (24V±5%). When the requirements are not met, the conductor cross section can be increased, but Due to the limitation of the size of the weak terminal, the cross section of the wire cannot be too large, and the maximum pressure can be connected to 4mm2. Therefore, sometimes it is not possible to increase the cross section of the wire. At this time, an area alarm should be added or a 24V power supply should be added on site, or an additional power supply should be used. Power supply for the regional module monitored by the fire control room.
Article 211.2.2, fire automatic alarm system power supply lines, fire control linkage control circuit should use fire-resistant copper core wire and cable, alarm bus, fire emergency broadcast and fire-fighting telephones and other transmission lines should use flame-retardant or flame-retardant fire-resistant wire and cable.
In general, the same bus is used for alarms and linkages. At this time, it should be improved to fire-resistance level; alarms and linkages can be divided separately.
9 Electrical fire monitoring system This system is a fire forecasting system. It is an independent subsystem of the fire automatic alarm system. It has a multi-wire system and a bus system. According to the nature of the building and fire hazards, set up an electrical fire monitoring system, especially substations, petroleum and petrochemical, metallurgy and other important places. Under normal circumstances, the non-independent fire detector itself does not have an alarm function, it must be connected to the electrical fire monitor system, and it should not be directly connected to the fire automatic alarm system. The electrical fire monitor is located in the fire control room (no fire control room, located in the place where people are on duty) or near the protection area. The electrical fire monitor communicates with the fire automatic alarm system, and its alarm and fault information should be in the fire control room graphic. Display device or fire automatic alarm controller is displayed; no fire control room and the probe does not exceed 8, you can use independent electrical fire monitoring detectors, independent detection, independent alarm, the alarm signal should be passed to the place where people are on duty . Independent electrical fire monitoring detectors can be self-contained systems, do not need to be connected with electrical fire monitoring equipment, independently detect changes in the electrical fire hazard parameters of protected objects, and can emit sound and light alarm signals.
19.1.2 The electrical fire monitoring system shall consist of some or all of the following equipment.
1) Electrical fire monitor.
2) Residual current type electric fire monitoring detector.
3) temperature-type electrical fire monitoring detectors.
Article 29.1.7, when the linear temperature fire detector is used for electrical fire monitoring, it can be connected to an electrical fire monitor.
In Article 312.4.6, electrical fire monitoring detectors shall be installed on electrical lines, and electrical fire monitoring detectors with the function of detecting fault arc shall be installed on the lighting lines.
Electrical fire monitors, residual current electrical fire monitoring detectors, and temperature-rated electrical fire monitoring detectors are electrical fire monitoring products for electrical protection that are widely used and currently require national standards. Fault arc-type electric fire monitoring detectors, pyrolysis particle-based electrical fire monitoring detectors, and electrical fire-fighting current-limiting protection products are emerging technology products. Related national standards will also gradually enter the market application stage during formulation and release. .
49.1.6, the setting of the electrical fire monitoring system should not affect the normal operation of the power supply system, and should not automatically cut off the power supply.
Article 59.2.1, residual current electrical fire monitoring detectors should be based on the basic principle of setting up the first end of the low-voltage distribution system and should be set at the outlet end of the first-level distribution cabinet (box). When the leakage current of the power supply line is greater than 500mA, it should be set at its next level distribution cabinet (box).
69.2.2, residual current electrical fire monitoring detectors should not be installed in the IT system distribution lines and fire distribution lines. Because, the residual current type electric fire monitoring detector can not be correctly detected in the power supply line without grounding, and is not suitable for use; and because the fire power supply line has a relatively high requirement and is not normally used, there is no need to set residual current type electrical. Fire monitoring detector.
79.2.3, when selecting the residual current type electric fire monitoring detector, the influence of the natural leakage of the power supply system should be taken into account, and the detector with the appropriate parameters should be selected; the alarm value of the detector should be within the range of 300mA to 500mA.
The alarm threshold of the detector is generally 300mA~500mA. This alarm value refers to the alarm value set on the basis of filtering out the circuit's inherent leakage circuit (also known as natural leakage current). 300mA is the data given by IEC. It is also the conditions under which the residual current generates arc-ignited deoxidized cotton under laboratory conditions. However, the flammable or flammable materials for the project site have higher ignition points than deoxidized cotton, so the alarm threshold can be Increase properly.
Specific settings can be based on site conditions, such as the general environment of 300mA, humid environment 500mA.
89.3.1, temperature-type electrical fire monitoring detectors should be set in the cable joints, terminals, key heating components and other parts. Generally, it can be installed in all levels of distribution cabinets. Non-contact temperature-sensing probes or sensors on line terminals can be installed in high-voltage cabinets.
In Article 13.12.5 of the “Civil Design Code for Civil Buildings†JGJ16-2008, the residual current detection point should be set at the entrance of the floor distribution box (secondary switch of the distribution system), when the circuit with smaller loop capacity is shorter, It should be located at the exit end of the low-voltage cabinet of the substation.
Electrical fire monitoring systems generally adopt hierarchical protection. Low-voltage power distribution lines adopt secondary or tertiary protection according to specific conditions. Electrical fire monitoring detectors are installed at the power supply end, branch line headend or line end, and thus constitute an electrical fire monitoring system. . Moreover, the residual current type electric fire detector and the temperature measurement type electric fire detector are divided into 1 band and 1 band.
10 Two Questions (1) Sichuan Provincial Local Standard “Code for Design, Construction and Acceptance of Electrical Fire Monitoring Systems†DB51/T1418-2012 has many inconsistencies with the new fire regulations: detection parameters, the former being residual current, temperature, current, and Voltage monitoring, etc., the new fire gauge only residual current, temperature; the former fire circuit must be set residual current detector, the new fire regulations should not be set. New fire gauge: When there is no fire control room and the probe does not exceed 8, the independent electrical fire monitoring detector can be used. DB51/T1418-2012 does not have this requirement. However, DB51/T1418-2012 is still under implementation. Therefore, careful consideration should be given to the design of electrical fire monitoring systems.
(2) The new fire regulations should make clear provisions for the setting of important fire control rooms.
In Article 13.11.6 of the “Civil Design Code for Civil Buildings†JGJ16-2008, the fire control room shall be installed on the first floor or the first floor of the building. When located on the first floor, there shall be a safe exit through the outdoor; when When it is on the ground floor, safe entrances and exits leading to the outside should not be larger than 20m and all have obvious signs.
Generally, a lighted sign light is set above the entrance of the fire control room, and its power source should be accessed by the fire power supply (the entrance to the outside can not be used together with the entrance and exit of the car garage, nor can it be used together with the public place gate of the first floor business hall). If the safety entrance leading to the outside is greater than 20m, a special passage must be set up on the ground to reach the outside, and the fire control room on the negative floor should be not far from the stairs leading to the first floor.
1Comparative analysis of new fire gauges There are 24 new rules for fire gauges, some of them are provisions for the manufacture of fire products, and some of them are requirements for the constructors of the construction program: as in 4.1.1, the fire-fighting linkage controller should be able to According to the set control logic, the linkage control signal is sent to the related controlled device, and the linkage feedback signal of the relevant device is received. 4.1.6 Fire-fighting equipment that requires the automatic control of the fire alarm system shall use the logical combination of the "and" logic of the alarm signals of two independent alarm triggering devices. This is to improve accuracy and prevent misuse. The front room of the smoke prevention staircase, the front room and the front room of the fire elevator are only equipped with a small protection area for the detector. One trigger signal is a smoke detector and the other trigger signal is a manual manual alarm button. For the design unit, some strong items need to be written in the description, and some strong items should be implemented in the design drawings. Some plan review experts have determined that the strong design article has not written instructions, as a violation of the strong article, I do not dare to agree. If all relevant professional blackbody texts are written in the description, you can imagine how long the design description will be.
(1)Strength 3.1.6, bus short-circuit isolator should be set on the system bus, the total number of fire-fighting devices such as fire detectors, manual fire alarm buttons and modules protected by each bus short-circuit isolator should not exceed 32 points; bus crossing In the case of fire partitioning, a bus short-circuit isolator should be installed at the crossing point, which will lead to a significant increase in design workload. The connection between the bus short-circuit isolator and the detector is radial and ring-shaped. The radial-arrangement system has high reliability and is recommended. The bus short isolator is relatively concentrated in one or more boxes (see Firefighting Atlas 14X505-1, P9/P10).
(2)Strong 3.1.7: In buildings exceeding 100m in extent, except for the controllers provided in the fire control room, the fire detectors, manual alarm buttons, and modules directly controlled by each controller should not cross the refuge layer. . The meaning of this article is that the fire alarm controller installed in the non-fire control room of a super high-rise building should be controlled in sections, and the connected probes, manual alarm buttons and modules should not cross the refuge floor of the area where the fire controller is located. In order to prevent the alarm bus from being blown out in the event of a fire, the system is paralyzed and alarms and linkages cannot be made.
The following two non-strength articles also require attention:
(1) 3.1.5: The total number of devices and addresses of fire detectors, manual fire alarm buttons and modules connected to any fire alarm controller shall not exceed 3,200 points, and the total number of devices connected to each bus loop Should not exceed 200 points, and should have a margin of not less than 10% of the rated capacity; the total number of various types of modules controlled by the total number of addresses of any fire-fighting linkage controller or fire alarm controller (linkage type) shall not exceed 1600 points. The total number of equipment connected to each bus loop should not exceed 100 points, and there should be a margin of at least 10% of the rated total.
This regulation limits the capacity and scale of automatic fire alarm controllers and fire linkage controllers, and increases the reliability of automatic fire alarm systems. For large-scale projects, N fire alarms and M sets of fire may be required. Linkage controller. The area of ​​the fire control room is bound to increase accordingly. The electrical profession must communicate with the construction professional immediately. Otherwise, according to conventional thinking, the installation of equipment will be in trouble.
(2) 3.1.8: The fire control electrical control devices such as the pump control cabinet and the fan control cabinet shall not use the frequency conversion starting method.
When starting up and running the inverter, the inverter will perform stable speed regulation according to the load changes it brings and it will always work. Once the fire-fighting equipment is started up, it must run at rated power. Therefore, the frequency conversion starting method should not be used. The step-down start of the fire fighting equipment may be star triangle, soft start, and the like.
2 The choice of the form of the system and the design requirements The new fire regulation has cancelled the 98 edition of the classification of the object of protection, and determines the automatic fire alarm system according to the scale and nature of the building (there are three options).
(1) Regional alarm system: 3.2.1.1 only requires alarms, and it does not require linkage. The object of protection of automatic fire-fighting equipment should adopt the regional alarm system.
(2) Centralized alarm system: 3.2.1.2 requires not only alarm, but also linkage of automatic fire-fighting equipment, and only one fire alarm controller and fire-fighting linkage controller with centralized control function should be used to protect objects. A centralized alarm system should be adopted. And a fire control room should be set up.
(3) Alarm system of the control center: 3.2.1.3 Set up the protection objects of two or more fire control rooms or the protection objects of two or more centralized alarm systems. The alarm system of the control center shall be used.
(4) 3.2.4.1 When there are two or more fire control rooms, a main fire control room shall be established.
(5) 3.2.4.2 The main fire control room shall be capable of displaying all fire alarm signals and linkage control status signals, and shall be capable of controlling important fire fighting equipment; each sub-fire fighting control room fire fighting equipment may transmit and display status information between each other, but Should not control each other.
The main fire control room controls important fire-fighting equipment such as fire pumps and spray pumps that require direct central control, but do not control the equipment controlled by other fire control rooms: positive pressure blowers, exhaust fans, fire elevators, fire doors, fire shutters, etc. . The main fire control room and sub fire control room must have the same information.
(6) Setting of fire control room 3.4.1 A fire control room shall be provided for the protection of the fire automatic alarm system with fire-fighting linkage function.
“The Code for Design of Electrical Installations for Residential Buildings†JGJ242-2011, Section 14.2.3 explains: Residential buildings with a building height of 100m or 35 floors and above require a fire control room in each building.
1 The fire control room requires 24-hour professionals to be on duty. Therefore, the number of fire control rooms must be set carefully so as to avoid increasing operating costs without any reason.
26.1.4 Central alarm system and control center The regional fire alarm controller in the alarm system can be set in an unattended location when the following conditions are met.
1) There is no fire linkage equipment that needs manual control in this area.
2) All information of the fire alarm controller is displayed on the centralized fire alarm controller, and can receive the linkage control signal of the fire alarm controller which has centralized control function, and automatically start the corresponding fire fighting equipment.
3) Only the staff on duty can enter the set place.
3 Fire control linkage control There are two types of manual control in the linkage control: 1 linkage control manual control panel dedicated line control, abreast of the special line manual control; 2 through the operation of fire control linkage controller bus control panel buttons to achieve, can be referred to as non- Dedicated line manual control.
(1) Spray pump: The spray pump control is not changed, and it is still the fire control room manual (special line manual control), automatic and wet alarm valve pressure switch direct start pump; (2) linkage control design of fire hydrant system, new version of fire gauge Larger changes: It accepts three direct-onset signals and automatic control of the fire control room, manual control (manual line manual control).
14.3.1 linkage control method, should be controlled by the low pressure pressure switch installed on the fire hydrant outlet pipe, flow valve or alarm valve pressure switch on the high fire water outlet pipe as a trigger signal to directly control the start of the fire hydrant pump, linkage control should not Affected by the fire-fighting linkage controller in the automatic or manual state. When the fire hydrant button is set, the action signal of the fire hydrant button should be used as the alarm signal and the linkage trigger signal for starting the hydrant pump. The linkage control of the fire fighting linkage controller controls the start of the hydrant pump.
The low pressure pressure switch provided on the fire hydrant water main pipe, the flow switch set on the high fire water tank water outlet pipe or the alarm valve pressure switch signal (note that the three are or the relationship), and the fire hydrant pump is directly controlled and started.
In the 98 version of the standard, the fire hydrant button's action signal directly activates the hydrant pump. Now it is used as the linkage trigger signal to activate the hydrant pump on the bus. However, the tab button still cannot replace it because the hydrant button gives the location of the fire hydrant. The manual button is a manual alarm device. It is set up according to the fire partition and is connected to the fire alarm controller. The fire hydrant button is the trigger device for starting the fire hydrant pump. It is set up according to the fire hydrant's deployment point and is connected to the fire fighting linkage controller. When the building does not have an automatic fire alarm system, the fire hydrant button can directly start the hydrant pump.
(3) Linkage control design of gas fire extinguishing system and foam fire extinguishing system 14.4.1. The gas fire extinguishing system and the foam fire extinguishing system shall be respectively controlled by a dedicated gas fire extinguishing controller and a foam fire extinguishing controller.
24.4.2.1 Alarm signals from two separate fire detectors in the same protection area. An alarm signal of a fire detector and a manual fire alarm button or an emergency start signal outside the protection area is used as a linkage trigger signal of the system. The combination of the detector is preferably a smoke detector and a temperature detector, and various types of detection. The device shall be separately calculated according to the provisions of Section 6.2 of this specification.
Gas fire extinguishing systems and foam fire extinguishing systems have two forms of local autonomy and centralized control. Local autonomy, fire detectors directly connected to the controller, automatic fire extinguishing. Central centralized control: The coded smoke and temperature detectors in the protected area are connected to the automatic fire alarm system. The gas fire extinguishing controller and the foam fire extinguishing controller are acted upon by commands of the fire alarm controller and the fire linkage controller. At present, the main self-propelled gas fire extinguishing controller, ie, local self-government type, such control method, alarm controller and gas fire extinguishing controller must have CCCF certificate. There is manual and automatic control on site, and status information must be fed back to the fire control room.
(4) Linkage control design of smoke prevention and control system The system smoke prevention fan (positive pressure blower), smoke exhaust fan, air supply outlet, electric stall smoke wall, smoke exhaust outlet, smoke exhaust window, smoke exhaust valve, accept fire fighting linkage Controller automatic and manual control (non-dedicated manual control). The anti-exhaust and exhaust fans receive the automatic and manual (special line manual control) control of the fire control room linkage controller.
The exhaust fire damper provided on the main pipe at the entrance of the exhaust fan is closed at 280 degrees, and the exhaust fan is directly linked to stop. Related information is fed back to the fire control room.
The fire dampers provided on the ventilation ducts are installed on the outside of the ventilation room to prevent the smoke from spreading along the ventilation ducts. Under special circumstances, ventilation ducts (such as air-conditioning ducts) are allowed to enter or pass through electrical equipment rooms (such as power distribution room, telephone room, and central control room). At this time, in the wall of the duct on the wall between the electrical equipment room, A fire damper shall be provided outside the wall to prevent the pyrotechnics between the equipment from being transmitted, and no fireworks outside the equipment shall be allowed to enter the equipment room. Normally the fire damper is in the normally open state. When the temperature in the pipe exceeds 70°C in the fire, the fire damper blades on the pipeline turn over 90° under the electromagnetic force to block the pipeline. After the fire was over, the fire damper resumed its normal open state.
(5) Linkage control design of fire doors and fire curtain systems 1 Normally closed fire doors do not require linkage. Normally open fire doors are closed by receiving a fire linkage controller or fire door monitor command. The fire door monitor is located in a fire control room or a manned place. The electric fire door has a manual control button on the site, on the inside of the door, 0.5m away from the door and 0.9~1.3m high on the wall. Design and implementation: Detector and hand report information in the area where the fire door is located Access to the fire automatic alarm controller through the bus; Fire alarm controller and fire door monitor communication: Realize linkage control and information feedback; Fire door monitor leads to 24V power supply Line and alarm buses, normally open fire doors with I/O modules (receive commands to close and feedback status information), and normally closed fire doors have I modules (only feedback status information). The SA-DC02 fire door monitor produced by a Guangzhou Fire Protection Technology Co., Ltd. has been put on the market.
24.6.3.1 (rolling curtain door on evacuation channel) linkage control method, alarm signals of any two independent smoke detectors in the fire zone or any smoke detectors specially used for interlocking fire curtains shall be linked Control the fire shutter down to 1.8m away from the floor surface; any alarm signal of a temperature-sensitive fire detector specially designed for interlocking fire shutters shall be linked to control the fire shutter down to the floor surface; on either side of the roller blind No less than 2 heat-sensing fire detectors specially designed for interlocking fire shutter doors shall be installed within 0.5 to 5 meters of the depth of the roller shutter.
3 Fireproof shutter doors with manual buttons on both sides of the fire shutter where any two independent detectors in the fire area, non-fire channel shutter door down to the end, and accept the fire control room manual control (non-dedicated manual control). See Fire Atlas 14X505-1, P26. The fire shutter on the car garage of the underground garage should be designed for two landings.
(6) Linkage of fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system 4.9.2 When the fire is confirmed, the fire emergency lighting area and the evacuation instruction system of the entire building evacuation passage are started from the fire alarm area and the system is fully put into emergency. The starting time of the state should not be greater than 5s. Compared with the 98th edition, all emergency lighting is not required to be activated, such as emergency lighting for equipment rooms.
Article 13.8.5 of the Civil Building Electrical Design Code, JGJ16-2008, emergency lighting After the normal lighting power supply is stopped, the emergency power supply switching time should meet the following requirements: 1) The standby lighting should not be greater than 5s, financial transactions Location should not be greater than 1.5s; 2) evacuation lighting should not be greater than 5s. If the emergency power supply for diesel generators, because its start-up time is generally less than 30s, fire emergency lighting and evacuation lights still need to set EPS power.
(7) Non-eliminating and cutting off linkage control 4.10.1, the fire linkage linkage controller shall have the function of cutting off the non-fire power source in the fire area and related areas. When it is necessary to cut off the normal lighting, it should be before the automatic sprinkler system and the hydrant system moves. Take it off.
If the normal lighting is in the lighting state in the event of a fire, it should be maintained because the illumination of normal lighting is high, which is conducive to the evacuation of personnel. Non-fire power sources such as normal lighting and live water pump power supply will not cause electric shock accidents and secondary disasters as long as they are removed before the action of the water system; other power sources that do not need to continue working in the event of a fire, or will not cause losses after the fire is removed Non-fire power can be removed immediately after the fire is confirmed. The removal of normal lighting is difficult to control because of the time. In the specific implementation, it can be linked with the action signal of the fire pump and use the pump signal to cut off the normal lighting of the non-fire-fighting load.
Non-fire power sources that can be immediately cut off in the event of a fire include ordinary power loads, escalators, sewage pumps, air conditioning power, recreational facilities, and kitchen facilities. Non-fire power sources that should not be cut off immediately in a fire include: normal lighting, domestic water feed pumps, safety and security system facilities, basement drainage pumps, passenger elevators, and I-III garages as lifts for vehicle evacuation ports.
As for the location of the cut-off point, it should be cut off at the power distribution station in principle. This is safer. When powered devices are powered by closed busbars, they can be cut off in small distribution rooms. The buses supplying power to the houses are recommended to be cut off at substations.
(8) Linkage control design of fire alarm and fire emergency broadcasting system 14.8.1, fire alarm system should be set up for fire automatic alarm system, and all fire audible and visual light alarms in the building should be started after confirming the fire.
Article 24.8.5. When multiple fire alarms are installed in the same building, the fire alarm system shall be able to start and stop all fire alarms at the same time.
34.8.8, linkage control signals of the fire emergency broadcasting system shall be issued by the fire fighting linkage controller. When the fire is confirmed, it should be broadcast to the entire building at the same time.
Section 46.5.1, fire light alarm should be set on the stairs of each floor, the fire elevator front room, the internal corners of the building and other obvious parts, and should not be placed on the same wall with the safety exit lights. Some of the designs put light alarms in stairwells, contrary to this.
Article 54.8.12: When a fire emergency radio broadcast is used in conjunction with ordinary broadcasting or background music broadcasting, it shall have the function of forcibly entering fire emergency broadcasting. See Fire Atlas 14X505-1, P27 for details.
64.8.9, the single-speech playback time of the fire emergency broadcasting should be 10~20s, and should be alternated between fire alarms and time-sharing.
The design of a fire emergency broadcasting system requires that all buildings should be lit during a fire. For a residential community, the “full-floor building†in the specification should be understood as the building where the fire occurred, not all the buildings in the residential area. Alarms and fire emergency broadcasts cannot replace each other. Whether sound, light, sound and light alarms are set at the same time need to be considered again.
Centralized alarm systems and control center systems should be equipped with emergency broadcasts, and high-rise buildings should be equipped with emergency broadcasts.
When commercial broadcasts are used in conjunction with fire emergency broadcasts, emergency broadcasts have the highest priority. In the event of a fire, service broadcasts and service broadcasts must be forcibly switched to fire emergency broadcast (within 10 seconds). When there is a volume switch in the speaker circuit, when an emergency broadcast is played, the volume switch must be forced on. Fire emergency broadcast wire and trunking shall be made of flame-retardant materials, and outdoor lines shall have lightning protection facilities. In places where the ambient noise is greater than 60dB, the sound pressure level of the playback should be 15dB higher than the background noise. The broadcasting speaker should use flame retardant material or have a flame-retardant rear cover structure.
The general broadcast distance is greater than 100m, the transmission voltage should be 70V or 100V constant voltage output; if it is greater than 1kW.M, the transmission voltage can be 150V, 200V, 250V. In the 3KM broadcasting signal line, ordinary cables can be used; if it is more than 3KM, Category 5 cables, coaxial cables or optical cables should be used. The power of fire-fighting power amplifier equipment should not be less than 1.5 times the sum of speaker power (usually broadcast can be 1.3 times); public places (walkways, halls, etc.) speakers are not less than 3W, rooms are not less than 1W. Loudspeaker arrangement pitch is not more than 25m, ends are cut in half .
4 Selection of fire detectors In section 15.2.2.3, point-type smoke detectors should be selected for stairs, walkways, elevator rooms, and garages.
Prior to this, the garage mainly used temperature detectors and 1/10 smoke detectors, subject to conditions. Because the smoke detector alarm early, leaving a longer time for evacuation, protection of life should be adopted. Temperature-sensing detectors are mainly used for confirming fires, starting fire-fighting equipment and applications in special places.
2 Linear tunneling and temperature detectors for cable tunnels. Optical fiber temperature detectors are now immature and can only be used for tank fire detection.
3 Aspirated smoke detectors are used for a lot of tall space, so the design must see the manufacturer's test report. If the diameter of the suction pipe is large, how big the hole is, and how much is the hole distance.
The current fire detectors have their own shortcomings, especially the new type of fire detectors, which should be used with caution when the detection indexes are uncertain; fire alarm detectors should use conventional products as far as possible, and new products should only be adopted when they are last resort.
5 system equipment settings 16.4.1, each area should be set up an area monitor (fire display panel); hotels, restaurants and other places should be set in each alarm area monitor. When an alarm area includes multiple floors, an area display showing only the floor should be provided on each floor.
In the house, a fire display panel should be installed in each unit door.
2 Module settings 6.8.2, the module is strictly prohibited in the distribution (control) cabinet (box).
6.8.3, modules in the alarm area should not control equipment in other alarm areas.
These two are mandatory provisions. Please pay attention to electrical design.
6 Automatic fire alarm system for residential buildings This is a new addition. This chapter is not mandatory and should be implemented during exploration. Bedrooms, living rooms, and study rooms in addition to bathrooms should have at least one smoke detector and a combustible gas detector in the kitchen.
17.2.1.2 Domestic fire detectors installed in households can be connected to home fire alarm controllers or directly to fire alarm controllers (home fire alarm controllers can be wall-mounted, with a distance of 1.3~1.5m. Video intercom function should be installed near the entrance door).
Class A system: This system should be used for houses that have centralized property monitoring and control and have linkage facilities. The common parts of the system (such as the front elevator room, stairwells, and bottom shops) are designed according to traditional practices. Residential fire alarm detectors can be connected to home fire alarm controllers (home fire alarm controllers transmit fire and fault information to fire alarm controllers), and home fire detectors can also be directly connected to fire alarm controllers.
Class B system: Only residential property monitoring and management of the family should choose A or B systems.
Class C systems: Class C systems should be used for houses without centralized property monitoring and management.
It should be noted here that in Class B and C systems, residential fire alarm detectors should be connected to home fire alarm controllers, and home fire alarm controllers should be able to activate sound alarms in public areas. Class B systems, home fire alarm controllers should be connected to the monitoring center to show fire occupants.
Class D system: Villa and old room renovation can be used. The use of interconnected independent probes (including detection, alarm function, battery power for three years. A room starts, all the rest of the room alarm). The transformation of old houses can be wired, wireless or a combination of both.
27.3.2.3, methane detectors should be set on the top of the kitchen, propane detectors should be set in the lower part of the kitchen, carbon monoxide detectors can be set in the lower part of the kitchen, but also in other parts. (Normally natural gas is used in the project and methane detectors should be used).
Article 7.3.2.4, combustible gas detectors should not be located directly above the stove.
For 7.3.2.5, combustible gas detectors with the function of shutting off gas shut-off valves in conjunction shall be used.
In Section 7.3.2.6, the gas shut-off valve associated with the detector should be a shut-off valve that the user can reset by itself and should have the function of automatic protection of the hose fall off.
When kitchens and bathrooms use gas for energy, gas detectors should be provided. The gas detector shall have the output interface of the gas inlet main valve of the household forcibly cut off when necessary. The same applies to apartment buildings, commercial and residential buildings, and apartment buildings.
When the gas detector is connected to a network intercom system, the gas detector power supply should be provided by the intercom system. If used from a kitchen AC power outlet, it will bring insecurity to the intercom system. If the intercom system uses a non-network type, it cannot send an alarm signal to the management host. In this case, the kitchen gas detector cannot access the intercom system. An independent detector is required, and the power supply is provided by a kitchen-specific AC power outlet.
3 Emergency Radio Settings Super high-rise residential buildings should have fire control rooms and emergency broadcasting systems.
A type system (which can design an emergency broadcast system) can also use fire alarms and emergency radios to set up one floor apart. The sound insulation effect of the floor is determined in the design so as not to interfere with each other. Type B, C, and D systems may only have sound alarms.
Fire alarms and emergency broadcasts shall be able to receive direct control of the fire control room linkage control and the manual fire alarm button (located in the obvious part of the first floor). See Fire Atlas 14X505-1, P52. Each fire alarm or emergency radio coverage does not exceed three floors. The broadcasting power amplifier is located on the side wall of the aisle in the first floor and should have a telephone jack. When the battery power supply is less than 1 hour, it should be able to alert the fire control room or property management.
7 Flammable gas detection and alarm system 18.1.2, combustible gas detection and alarm system should be independent of other systems, combustible gas detectors should not be connected to the detector circuit of the fire alarm controller; when the flammable gas alarm signal needs to be connected to the fire automatically The alarm system should be accessed by a flammable gas alarm controller. The reason is that the combustible gas detector has a large power consumption and is replaced more frequently, which poses a threat to the fire alarm system.
Article 28.2.2, combustible gas detectors should be set near where flammable gas may be generated.
38.2.3, the radius of protection of point type combustible gas detectors shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard “Code for the Design of Detection and Alarming of Petrochemical Combustible Gases and Toxic Gases†GB50493.
As the subsystem of the fire automatic alarm system, the alarm and fault information of the combustible gas detection alarm controller shall be displayed on the fire control room graphic display device or the fire automatic alarm controller.
The location where the gas detector is set: generally the kitchen is near the stove, and the gas boiler room is located near the gas boiler and the gas pipeline and the public area along the gas pipeline. The density of the gas to be detected should also be taken into consideration, and it should be set at the top, middle or lower part of the detection area.
8 System power supply and wiring 110.1.5, the output power of emergency power of fire fighting equipment shall be greater than 120% of the full load power of automatic fire alarm and linkage control system. The capacity of battery pack shall ensure that the fire automatic alarm and linkage control system work simultaneously in the state of fire. Continuous work more than 3 hours under load conditions.
The above is a requirement for the manufacturer. For the design unit, when the fire alarm line is long, it should verify whether the line voltage drop meets the requirements (24V±5%). When the requirements are not met, the conductor cross section can be increased, but Due to the limitation of the size of the weak terminal, the cross section of the wire cannot be too large, and the maximum pressure can be connected to 4mm2. Therefore, sometimes it is not possible to increase the cross section of the wire. At this time, an area alarm should be added or a 24V power supply should be added on site, or an additional power supply should be used. Power supply for the regional module monitored by the fire control room.
Article 211.2.2, fire automatic alarm system power supply lines, fire control linkage control circuit should use fire-resistant copper core wire and cable, alarm bus, fire emergency broadcast and fire-fighting telephones and other transmission lines should use flame-retardant or flame-retardant fire-resistant wire and cable.
In general, the same bus is used for alarms and linkages. At this time, it should be improved to fire-resistance level; alarms and linkages can be divided separately.
9 Electrical fire monitoring system This system is a fire forecasting system. It is an independent subsystem of the fire automatic alarm system. It has a multi-wire system and a bus system. According to the nature of the building and fire hazards, set up an electrical fire monitoring system, especially substations, petroleum and petrochemical, metallurgy and other important places. Under normal circumstances, the non-independent fire detector itself does not have an alarm function, it must be connected to the electrical fire monitor system, and it should not be directly connected to the fire automatic alarm system. The electrical fire monitor is located in the fire control room (no fire control room, located in the place where people are on duty) or near the protection area. The electrical fire monitor communicates with the fire automatic alarm system, and its alarm and fault information should be in the fire control room graphic. Display device or fire automatic alarm controller is displayed; no fire control room and the probe does not exceed 8, you can use independent electrical fire monitoring detectors, independent detection, independent alarm, the alarm signal should be passed to the place where people are on duty . Independent electrical fire monitoring detectors can be self-contained systems, do not need to be connected with electrical fire monitoring equipment, independently detect changes in the electrical fire hazard parameters of protected objects, and can emit sound and light alarm signals.
19.1.2 The electrical fire monitoring system shall consist of some or all of the following equipment.
1) Electrical fire monitor.
2) Residual current type electric fire monitoring detector.
3) temperature-type electrical fire monitoring detectors.
Article 29.1.7, when the linear temperature fire detector is used for electrical fire monitoring, it can be connected to an electrical fire monitor.
In Article 312.4.6, electrical fire monitoring detectors shall be installed on electrical lines, and electrical fire monitoring detectors with the function of detecting fault arc shall be installed on the lighting lines.
Electrical fire monitors, residual current electrical fire monitoring detectors, and temperature-rated electrical fire monitoring detectors are electrical fire monitoring products for electrical protection that are widely used and currently require national standards. Fault arc-type electric fire monitoring detectors, pyrolysis particle-based electrical fire monitoring detectors, and electrical fire-fighting current-limiting protection products are emerging technology products. Related national standards will also gradually enter the market application stage during formulation and release. .
49.1.6, the setting of the electrical fire monitoring system should not affect the normal operation of the power supply system, and should not automatically cut off the power supply.
Article 59.2.1, residual current electrical fire monitoring detectors should be based on the basic principle of setting up the first end of the low-voltage distribution system and should be set at the outlet end of the first-level distribution cabinet (box). When the leakage current of the power supply line is greater than 500mA, it should be set at its next level distribution cabinet (box).
69.2.2, residual current electrical fire monitoring detectors should not be installed in the IT system distribution lines and fire distribution lines. Because, the residual current type electric fire monitoring detector can not be correctly detected in the power supply line without grounding, and is not suitable for use; and because the fire power supply line has a relatively high requirement and is not normally used, there is no need to set residual current type electrical. Fire monitoring detector.
79.2.3, when selecting the residual current type electric fire monitoring detector, the influence of the natural leakage of the power supply system should be taken into account, and the detector with the appropriate parameters should be selected; the alarm value of the detector should be within the range of 300mA to 500mA.
The alarm threshold of the detector is generally 300mA~500mA. This alarm value refers to the alarm value set on the basis of filtering out the circuit's inherent leakage circuit (also known as natural leakage current). 300mA is the data given by IEC. It is also the conditions under which the residual current generates arc-ignited deoxidized cotton under laboratory conditions. However, the flammable or flammable materials for the project site have higher ignition points than deoxidized cotton, so the alarm threshold can be Increase properly.
Specific settings can be based on site conditions, such as the general environment of 300mA, humid environment 500mA.
89.3.1, temperature-type electrical fire monitoring detectors should be set in the cable joints, terminals, key heating components and other parts. Generally, it can be installed in all levels of distribution cabinets. Non-contact temperature-sensing probes or sensors on line terminals can be installed in high-voltage cabinets.
In Article 13.12.5 of the “Civil Design Code for Civil Buildings†JGJ16-2008, the residual current detection point should be set at the entrance of the floor distribution box (secondary switch of the distribution system), when the circuit with smaller loop capacity is shorter, It should be located at the exit end of the low-voltage cabinet of the substation.
Electrical fire monitoring systems generally adopt hierarchical protection. Low-voltage power distribution lines adopt secondary or tertiary protection according to specific conditions. Electrical fire monitoring detectors are installed at the power supply end, branch line headend or line end, and thus constitute an electrical fire monitoring system. . Moreover, the residual current type electric fire detector and the temperature measurement type electric fire detector are divided into 1 band and 1 band.
10 Two Questions (1) Sichuan Provincial Local Standard “Code for Design, Construction and Acceptance of Electrical Fire Monitoring Systems†DB51/T1418-2012 has many inconsistencies with the new fire regulations: detection parameters, the former being residual current, temperature, current, and Voltage monitoring, etc., the new fire gauge only residual current, temperature; the former fire circuit must be set residual current detector, the new fire regulations should not be set. New fire gauge: When there is no fire control room and the probe does not exceed 8, the independent electrical fire monitoring detector can be used. DB51/T1418-2012 does not have this requirement. However, DB51/T1418-2012 is still under implementation. Therefore, careful consideration should be given to the design of electrical fire monitoring systems.
(2) The new fire regulations should make clear provisions for the setting of important fire control rooms.
In Article 13.11.6 of the “Civil Design Code for Civil Buildings†JGJ16-2008, the fire control room shall be installed on the first floor or the first floor of the building. When located on the first floor, there shall be a safe exit through the outdoor; when When it is on the ground floor, safe entrances and exits leading to the outside should not be larger than 20m and all have obvious signs.
Generally, a lighted sign light is set above the entrance of the fire control room, and its power source should be accessed by the fire power supply (the entrance to the outside can not be used together with the entrance and exit of the car garage, nor can it be used together with the public place gate of the first floor business hall). If the safety entrance leading to the outside is greater than 20m, a special passage must be set up on the ground to reach the outside, and the fire control room on the negative floor should be not far from the stairs leading to the first floor.
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