(1) The control strategy for back-blowing and dust removal, including frequency and intensity, plays a crucial role in determining the lifespan of bag-type dust collectors. Given the significant fluctuations in the load of power station boilers and the varying quality of coal, there are substantial variations in flue gas volume and dust concentration. Consequently, when designing the back-blowing and cleaning mechanism, multiple operating modes should ideally be programmed based on the pressure differential between the upper and lower chambers of the collector (the purified gas chamber and the bag chamber). This approach ensures adaptability to the changing operational conditions of coal-fired boilers, thereby extending the service life of the equipment.
(2) Clogging of the ash hopper is another recurring issue. The bag-type dust collector employs a water-flushing ash discharge method, where ash falls into the hopper and is transported via an electric airlock into an ash water tank before being discharged through a ditch. During winter, especially after the boiler is restarted following a shutdown or prolonged inactivity, the ash hopper often becomes obstructed. This phenomenon arises due to condensation within the hopper and the inadequate sealing of the electric airlock. In colder climates, when the dust collector starts up, the warm flue gas encounters the cold surface of the hopper, leading to condensation. This creates a stagnant zone within the hopper, preventing efficient heating of the ash, which causes it to adhere to the walls and block the hopper. Additionally, the electric airlock's poor sealing allows "water vapor" from the ash tank to infiltrate the hopper, causing further condensation at the ash outlet. Other contributing factors include insufficient hopper heating power and improper installation locations. To address these issues, the design of the hopper should account for local temperatures and ash discharge methods, incorporating a preheating procedure during startup. A more reliable and well-sealed airlock should be installed, and better insulation of the hopper is essential.
(3) Faults in the back-blowing and dust cleaning system are frequent and include non-functioning back-blowing solenoid valves, water accumulation in compressed air lines, and jamming of the rotary mechanism. The primary cause of the Solenoid Valve's failure lies in its own quality issues, but factors such as the quality of the back-blowing compressed air (including moisture and dust content) and unstable power supply also play a role. In colder regions, low outdoor temperatures lead to water accumulation or freezing in exposed compressed air lines, necessitating the inclusion of drainage points and insulation measures in the design. Heat tracing should be added in particularly frigid areas. Since the rotary mechanism operates in both high-temperature flue gas and ambient conditions, the significant temperature differences between these environments can cause deformation and jamming. Thus, temperature considerations must be thoroughly addressed in the design process.
Overall, the effective management of these operational challenges requires a comprehensive understanding of environmental conditions and meticulous attention to detail in both design and maintenance practices. By addressing these issues proactively, the performance and longevity of bag-type dust collectors can be significantly enhanced.
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