The instrument is composed of several key components, including a sampling system, an oil bath, a measuring chamber, a temperature control unit, a measurement circuit, and an explosion-proof structure. It is divided into two main parts: the instrument box and the constant-temperature oil bath box, which are stacked one on top of the other for compact and efficient design. Four support columns hold both sections, and all of them are constructed with explosion-proof features to ensure safety in hazardous environments. The instrument box is manufactured according to GB33836.2-83 standards for flameproof electrical equipment. The wiring system inside follows the explosion-proof layout specified in the technical drawings. All cables used are multi-strand flexible wires, and the use of rigid-core or aluminum cables is strictly prohibited. The outer diameters of the cables are φ5mm and φ8mm, ensuring that the sealing ring can effectively tighten the cable once the compression nut is fully secured, thus maintaining the device's explosion-proof integrity. The rubber sealing ring used for cable entry in the instrument box is made from 3001 rubber with a Shore hardness between 45 and 55. This material is capable of passing the aging test outlined in Chapter 29 of GB3836.1-83. The terminal blocks and other internal components are also classified as explosion-proof parts. Users must avoid scratching or damaging the flameproof surfaces during installation or maintenance. The ammeter and display window glass are made of tempered glass for durability and safety. All metal joints that require explosion-proof protection should be coated with 204-1 rust-preventive oil. Inside the constant-temperature oil bath, transformer oil serves dual purposes: it acts as a heat exchange medium and provides excellent insulation and arc suppression properties. A 9OW explosion-proof motor is used for stirring, and a M15 grounding bolt is installed for the explosion-proof wiring cover. The sampling system is designed with a drainage structure, allowing oil samples to be drawn from the process pipeline and then processed before entering the oil bath. If the oil temperature exceeds the set point, additional cooling equipment should be used. Once the sample reaches the desired temperature through heat exchange with the constant-temperature transformer oil, it flows into the measuring chamber. The measuring chamber is a sealed container connected via a heat-exchange coil and directly immersed in the oil bath. Continuous oil flow enables real-time measurement. The electrical signals generated are transmitted through cables to the instrument box. Ultrasonic transducers are mounted at both ends of the measuring chamber. The end caps are made of an aluminum alloy with acoustic impedance similar to the transducing wafer, improving sound transmission. A small amount of chelating agent is applied between the wafer and the cap to enhance energy transfer when the wafer vibrates. This allows the ultrasonic waves to pass efficiently through the aluminum cap and be detected by the receiving transducer. The temperature control system includes a platinum resistance thermometer located in the oil bath and a microcontroller-based circuit within the instrument box. When the thermometer detects the temperature, it sends a signal to the control circuit, which then regulates the heater to maintain a stable oil bath temperature.

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