Thoughts and Suggestions on Problems Existing in Cotton Quality Assurance System

The decline in the quality of high-grade cotton is primarily due to the mixing of cotton with varying moisture content and fiber qualities, often without proper sorting or grading. This lack of attention to detail during processing leads to significant heterogeneity in fiber quality. The root cause lies in the weaknesses within China’s cotton quality assurance system. Many cotton farmers and brokers lack awareness of quality standards, leading to the inclusion of foreign fibers during production and acquisition. Additionally, processing companies often fail to conduct thorough checks, further contributing to the problem. Moreover, the price mechanism for high-quality cotton has not been well established. Farmers, buyers, and processors have not fully engaged in essential quality control practices such as "four points" (picking, sorting, grading, and rolling), "one test and five decisions," and the removal of heterofibers. Due to the minimal difference in quality between high and low-grade cotton, there is little incentive for farmers or processors to invest in these labor-intensive processes. As a result, cotton is not properly graded, reducing overall quality. To address this, the government should introduce policies that encourage farmers to grow better varieties and perform quality-related tasks. Subsidies could be tied to the purchase of certified cotton and the submission of quality data from seed cotton. These incentives would help align farmer behavior with quality goals. Additionally, a pricing mechanism that rewards higher quality cotton would motivate processors to follow strict quality standards. The cotton operator qualification system remains underdeveloped and is still a weak link in the quality assurance framework. It serves as a market access requirement, ensuring that only those with proper quality management systems can operate. However, enforcement is inconsistent, with many operators not meeting the required standards. There is a need for stricter oversight of brokers, more rigorous regulation of processing enterprises, and improved monitoring of quality compliance. Public inspection certificates, while widely used, still lack certain critical quality indicators that are important for cotton enterprises. For instance, short fiber content, cotton purity, and pest levels are not consistently included. Adding these metrics to the certificate would enhance its utility. Furthermore, discrepancies in moisture regain and net weight data provided by processing companies undermine trust. Implementing third-party inspections and publicizing results would improve transparency and fairness. The use of HVI (High Volume Instrument) data for blending cotton is also hindered by the lack of modern professional warehouses. Without proper facilities, it is difficult for enterprises to efficiently match cotton based on HVI results, increasing costs and limiting efficiency. Establishing a modern warehouse system with multi-party funding and bank supervision would support better data utilization and improve the effectiveness of public inspection data. In summary, while China has made progress in developing its cotton quality assurance system, challenges remain. Strengthening quality awareness among farmers, improving policy support, enhancing inspection accuracy, and investing in infrastructure are all crucial steps toward achieving a more reliable and competitive cotton industry.

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