I. Characteristics of Seed Cake
Seed cake is the residue left after oil is extracted from oil-bearing plant seeds through mechanical pressing or solvent extraction. It is commonly referred to as "oil cake" and is primarily used as animal feed or fertilizer. Due to its high moisture and oil content, seed cake has a tendency to decompose slowly and generate heat, potentially leading to spontaneous combustion if exposed to moisture or in the presence of unoxidized oil. This risk increases during long-term storage and transportation, making it classified as a hazardous material under Class 4 and 2 in the International Code of Conduct. In ocean transport, where large cargo volumes are involved, long voyages, limited ventilation, and fluctuating temperatures can significantly increase the risk of fire.2. Safe Transportation Measures for Seed Cakes
To ensure safe handling and transport of seed cakes, several precautions must be taken: 1) The shipper should choose a vessel equipped with good ventilation systems and an effective COâ‚‚ fire suppression system to minimize fire risks. 2) Accurate data on the moisture and oil content of the cargo must be provided. Ideally, moisture levels should not exceed 10%, and total oil content should remain below 20%. 3) Before loading, the cargo hold should be thoroughly cleaned, and all ventilation equipment must be checked to ensure proper operation. 4) Electrical systems within the hold must be inspected to prevent short circuits, leaks, or grounding issues. All lighting fixtures should be properly insulated and secured. 5) Sewage channels and wells must be kept clean and free from blockages to allow for timely drainage. 6) Smoking is strictly prohibited near the cargo area during loading and unloading to avoid ignition sources.3. Key Considerations During Loading and Unloading
During the process of loading and unloading seed cake, the following steps should be followed: 1) Keep the cargo dry at all times. Avoid loading or unloading in rainy or snowy conditions to prevent moisture absorption. 2) If the cargo hold contains a fuel oil tank, use insulating materials such as wood or canvas to separate the seed cake from the tank. 3) Avoid placing the seed cake near the engine room. If the entire ship is carrying the cargo, it should be stored away from the engine room and arranged in a sloped manner for better airflow. 4) Install thermometers at various positions and depths within the cargo hold to monitor temperature changes and detect early signs of overheating.4. Safety Precautions During Navigation
Once at sea, the following measures should be implemented: 1) Monitor the temperature of each cargo hold daily and record the readings in the ship’s logbook. 2) Adjust ventilation based on external weather conditions. On clear days, ventilate the hold promptly to remove hot air and reduce moisture buildup. 3) If smoke or signs of overheating are detected, remove the affected portions and dispose of them overboard to prevent further spread. 4) When the temperature reaches 40°C, initiate ventilation if conditions permit. If the temperature continues to rise and reaches 55°C, seal the hold, stop ventilation, and introduce CO₂ into the cargo space, especially if the seed cake was processed using a mechanical press. Continue monitoring the temperature closely. 5) When releasing CO₂, follow the guidelines outlined in the SOLAS convention to ensure safety and compliance. 6) Before releasing CO₂, make sure the compartment is fully sealed. Do not release the gas too quickly to avoid excessive pressure that could compromise the watertight integrity of the cargo hold. 7) If the temperature continues to rise despite these measures, the only remaining option is to inject seawater to suppress the fire. However, this method should be used with caution and only as a last resort.Exposed Shower Faucet Set,Bath Shower Set,Shower Heads Adjustable Height,Adjustable Rain Shower Head Shower Set
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