When storing pests for chemical control, it's crucial to use the right pesticides in a scientific and targeted manner. Here’s a detailed guide from **China Pesticide Network** on effective methods for protecting stored grains:
1. **Insect-Resistant Phosphorus**
This is one of the most commonly used pesticides in rural areas for controlling stored grain pests. It is highly effective, low in toxicity, and leaves minimal residue. The active ingredient, malathion, has a long-lasting effect and is particularly effective against pests like corn grain beetles, rice weevils, flat snails, and wheat moths.
It should be mixed with food-grade malathion at a high purity level. Ensure the mixture is evenly distributed. Ideally, this should be done before the grain is stored in the warehouse, after it has been dried. A spray method can be used, applying a 20 ppm solution of insect-resistant phosphorus onto the grain. The moisture content of the grain must be below 13% to remain within safe limits.
Never mix insect-resistant phosphorus with dichlorvos, as this can lead to toxic reactions. After application, there should be a four-month safety interval before processing the grain.
2. **Grain-Saving Phosphorus**
Developed by the Chengdu Grain Storage Science Research Institute under the State Grain Administration, this is an effective grain protection agent suitable for rural storage. The recommended ratio is 1:2500 — meaning 100 grams of grain-saving phosphorus can be mixed with 250 kg of raw grain.
Before use, ensure the grain is dry and free of insects or nearly free of them. This helps maximize the effectiveness of the pesticide.
3. **Insecticide Phosphorus (Methyl Pyrimidine Phosphorus)**
Known internationally as a preferred grain protectant, its chemical name is methyl pyrimidine (sulfur) phosphorus. The typical dosage for controlling stored grain pests is around 5 ppm. It offers strong contact and fumigant effects, making it ideal for long-term storage.
4. **Cereal Net (Cereal Protectant)**
This is a botanical insecticide made from 4–6 types of Chinese herbal medicines combined with a small amount of chemical agents. It has a strong repellent effect and works well against various pests. It also emits a pleasant herbal scent and is known for its excellent insecticidal properties.
The recommended mixing ratio is 1:2500 — for example, 200 grams of the powder can be mixed with 400–500 kg of grain. It is easy to apply and provides long-lasting protection.
5. **Aluminum Phosphide (Fumigant)**
Commonly used by farmers, aluminum phosphide tablets are typically 3 grams each. The general dosage is 1–2 tablets per cubic meter, or about 5 tablets per ton of grain. When applying, place the tablets in small cloth bags (one per bag), tie them tightly, and bury them evenly into the grain pile. This allows the phosphine gas to release slowly.
After application, the storage area must be sealed immediately, especially around the bottom. After 5–6 days of fumigation, ventilate for 3–5 days. Remove the bags and dispose of them safely, away from water sources, by burying them deeply in the soil.
**Tips from the Pesticide Network**:
All the above chemicals are intended for use on raw grains and seeds only. They should not be used on processed products such as flour or rice.
By following these guidelines, you can effectively manage stored grain pests while ensuring the safety and quality of your crop. Always read labels carefully and follow local regulations when handling pesticides.
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