Recent research conducted by a team at Rice University has revealed that carbyne, a one-atom-thick carbon fiber, may be the strongest microscopic material known to date, surpassing even graphene—a well-known member of the carbon family. Unlike traditional nanomaterials, linear carbon structures, such as nanorods or nanowires, could unlock extraordinary properties if produced on a large scale. These materials hold great promise in various fields, including nanomechanical systems, spintronics, advanced sensors, ultra-lightweight structural materials, and energy storage solutions.
Carbyne is a unique one-dimensional form of carbon, distinct from both graphene—two-dimensional sheets—and carbon nanotubes, which are hollow cylindrical structures. While graphene is renowned for being the thinnest material and an excellent conductor of electrons at room temperature, carbyne offers different potential applications. Theoretical studies suggest it could function as a room-temperature superconductor or a superior alternative to carbon fiber, with exceptional mechanical strength.
Despite its promising properties, there are relatively few studies on the practical applications of linear carbon. However, research into biomedical uses has already begun. For instance, Russian scientists have explored its use in surgical sutures and artificial hard tissues, showing better performance compared to conventional organic polymers. Additionally, carbyne has been tested in contact lens frames, where it helps reduce bacterial infections and discomfort associated with other materials.
Another exciting development is the possibility of synthesizing diamond from linear carbon. This can be done through two methods: one involves high pressure and temperature, similar to how graphite is converted into diamond; the other uses milder conditions, allowing the transformation of β-carbon into diamond powder under moderate temperatures and atmospheric pressure. Recent experiments have confirmed the feasibility of this process, suggesting it could become a new and efficient method for diamond production in the future.
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