Recent research from a team at Rice University has revealed that carbyne, a one-atom-thick carbon fiber, could be the strongest microscopic material known to date, surpassing even graphene—a well-known member of the carbon family. Unlike graphene or carbon nanotubes, carbyne is a true one-dimensional material, composed of linear chains of carbon atoms. If produced on a large scale, these linear carbon nanorods or nanowires could exhibit remarkable properties, making them promising for use in nanomechanical systems, spintronics, advanced sensors, ultra-lightweight materials for mechanical applications, and energy storage technologies.
Carbyne differs significantly from graphene, which is a two-dimensional sheet, and from hollow carbon nanotubes. It's not only the thinnest form of carbon but also extremely strong and flexible. Theoretically, it could act as a room-temperature superconductor and outperform traditional carbon fibers in strength and performance. However, despite its potential, there are still limited studies on its practical applications.
In the biomedical field, carbyne has shown great promise due to its high biocompatibility. Russian scientists have already explored its use in surgical sutures and as a material for hard tissues in animals, where it outperforms conventional organic polymers. Additionally, carbyne has been tested in contact lens frames, offering a solution to bacterial infections and discomfort associated with other materials.
Another exciting application involves the synthesis of diamond. Carbyne can be transformed into diamond under different conditions: either through high temperature and pressure similar to how graphite turns into diamond, or via a more gentle process using β-carbyne at lower temperatures and pressures. Recent studies have confirmed the feasibility of this method, suggesting it could become a new and efficient way to produce diamonds in the future. Research in this area is still in its early stages, but the potential is vast.
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