At present, the majority of sealing materials used both domestically and internationally are high-molecular elastomers. In certain special applications, plastics and various metals are also employed. However, regardless of the material type, it must possess specific properties to ensure effective performance under different conditions.
Firstly, the material should have certain mechanical and physical properties, such as tensile strength, elongation at break, and elasticity. These characteristics determine how well the material can withstand stress and deformation during operation.
Secondly, the material must exhibit a suitable degree of elasticity, hardness, and resistance to permanent compression set. This ensures that the seal maintains its shape and function over time, even under continuous pressure.
Thirdly, it should be compatible with the working medium, resisting swelling, decomposition, and hardening. The material must remain stable when exposed to oils, chemicals, or other substances commonly found in industrial environments.
Fourthly, the material should have good wear resistance and tear resistance. This is especially important in dynamic sealing applications where friction and movement are constant.
Lastly, the material needs to perform well under extreme temperatures, showing resistance to aging caused by heat or cold. This ensures long-term reliability in diverse operating conditions.
However, no single sealing material can fulfill all these requirements simultaneously. Therefore, the selection of the appropriate sealing material depends on the specific working environment, including factors like temperature, pressure, media type, and motion. It may also require custom formulation of the material or the use of multiple materials in composite or layered structures to achieve optimal performance.
The sealing effect can be achieved through either contact or non-contact seals. Non-contact seals, such as mechanical face seals, graphite packing rings, and floating ring seals, rely on minimal contact to prevent leakage. Contact seals, such as rubber or plastic composite seals, depend on preloaded force within the sealed cavity to block any potential leakage paths. Seals in hydraulic systems typically include static seals (like face seals), reciprocating seals (such as piston and rod seals), and rotary seals.
Several factors influence the effectiveness of a seal, including the design of the sealing structure, the formation of an oil film, pressure levels, temperature, material compatibility, and the surface condition of the parts involved. These elements collectively determine the performance and longevity of the seal.
One key factor is the compatibility between the seal material and the hydraulic fluid. A major source of particle contamination in hydraulic systems comes from seal materials that are not chemically compatible with the hydraulic oil. This incompatibility can lead to the formation of debris or wear particles, which can damage the seal and cause failure. Additionally, this contamination can degrade the hydraulic fluid, leading to system inefficiency and further damage.
O-rings are one of the most common types of seals used in hydraulic and mechanical systems. They provide a reliable and cost-effective solution for sealing applications where a simple, flexible, and durable seal is required.
For more information or assistance with your sealing needs, please contact:
**Company Name:** Shanghai Luo Geng Electromechanical Technology Co., Ltd.
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**Contact:** Manager Chen
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