Sealing materials currently used in both domestic and international markets are primarily high-molecular elastomers. In some special applications, plastics and various metals are also employed. However, regardless of the material type, it should possess certain essential properties to ensure effective sealing performance.
First, the material must have adequate mechanical and physical properties, such as tensile strength, elongation at break, and elasticity. Second, it should exhibit a certain level of elasticity, hardness, and resistance to permanent deformation under compression. Third, it needs to be compatible with the working medium, avoiding swelling, decomposition, or hardening due to chemical interactions. Fourth, it must have good wear resistance and tear resistance to maintain integrity under mechanical stress. Lastly, it should be able to withstand high and low temperatures, maintaining its properties over time without significant degradation.
In practice, no single sealing material can meet all these requirements simultaneously. Therefore, it's crucial to select the appropriate material based on the operating conditions—such as temperature, pressure, media type, and motion characteristics. Sometimes, a tailored formulation is necessary to meet specific needs. Alternatively, combining two or more materials in a composite or layered structure can help leverage their individual strengths and achieve better overall performance.
The formation of a sealing effect depends on the type of seal. Dynamic seals can be classified into non-contact and contact types. Non-contact seals, like graphite packing rings and floating ring seals, rely on mechanical design rather than direct contact. Contact seals, such as rubber or plastic composite seals, depend on preloaded force within the sealed cavity to block leakage paths and create a tight seal. In hydraulic systems, static seals (face seals), reciprocating seals (piston and rod seals), and rotary seals are commonly used.
Several factors influence the effectiveness of a seal, including the choice of sealing structure, the formation of an oil film, pressure, temperature, material compatibility, and the characteristics of the surface in contact with the dynamic seal—such as material type, hardness, geometry, and surface finish. These elements collectively determine the performance and longevity of the seal, especially in critical applications like photovoltaic devices.
One key factor affecting seal performance is the compatibility between the seal material and the hydraulic fluid. A common source of contamination in hydraulic systems is the degradation of seal materials that are not chemically compatible with the fluid. This can lead to the release of "debris" or "wear particles," which can damage the seal and cause system failure. Additionally, these contaminants can degrade the hydraulic fluid, reducing its efficiency and leading to further mechanical issues.
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Choosing the right sealing solution is essential for ensuring system reliability, safety, and efficiency. Whether you're working in industrial, automotive, or renewable energy sectors, selecting the correct sealing material and design is vital for long-term performance. For more information or assistance, feel free to reach out to our team at Shanghai Luo Geng Electromechanical Technology Co., Ltd.
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