When discussing wide dynamic range, many people might have come across this term in advertisements for various surveillance products. However, what exactly is it? What purpose does it serve? Where is it commonly applied, and what role does it play? These questions might puzzle those without a technical background. This article aims to demystify the concept of wide dynamic range, focusing on clarity rather than exhaustive coverage.
Traditionally, before wide dynamic range technology was fully integrated into cameras, techniques like low-light optimization, filtering, focus adjustment, and backlight compensation were used to handle challenging lighting conditions. Each of these methods had its own limitations, but wide dynamic range technology has effectively addressed many of these shortcomings, providing superior results in certain scenarios.
Currently, there are three main types of wide dynamic range formats available in the market:
**The First Type: Korean DSP Digital Processing Wide Dynamic Range**
Korean DSP digital processing is straightforward and widely adopted. It involves processing the image twice. Initially, the camera quickly exposes the bright areas to capture a clear image of these regions and stores it in a buffer memory. Subsequently, it performs a slower exposure in darker areas, capturing a detailed image of the shadowy parts and storing it in the same memory. Once both exposures are complete, the DSP-specific algorithm merges the two images, adjusting their brightness levels appropriately, and outputs a single image that is clear in both light and dark areas.
Industry insiders often refer to this method as "pseudo-dynamic." According to Zhang Junlin of Shenzhen Anweike Electronics Co., Ltd., "Wide dynamic range technology originated overseas and was initially sold as modules at a relatively high cost. Compared to other technologies, the Korean DSP digital processing version is about 50% cheaper, which explains why it still holds a portion of the market."
**The Second Type: American Pixim Wide Dynamic Range**
Based on advancements from Stanford University in the 1990s, Pixim Corporation developed a new image capture system using CMOS technology called DPS (Digital Pixel System). In the context of wide dynamic range processing, DPS employs a single exposure and ARM7 control technology for each pixel, offering a broader dynamic range than traditional DSP double-exposure imaging. Numerically, cameras equipped with DPS technology can achieve a dynamic range of up to 95 dB, or even 120 dB with current processing capabilities. DPS also improves upon CCD sensors' shortcomings regarding dynamic range and color accuracy, providing more realistic color reproduction that meets application needs.
However, due to DPS's individualized processing for each pixel, each pixel includes a full set of circuits, significantly reducing the photosensitive area per pixel. This results in decreased light intake, negatively impacting the overall sensitivity of CMOS-based DPS cameras, making them less ideal in low-light conditions.
**The Third Type: Sony Eiffo-P Wide Dynamic Range**
According to Zhang from Anweike, compared to the previous two wide dynamic range technologies, Sony's EFFIO series cameras are more popular. EFFIO-P represents Sony's latest wide dynamic range technology, introduced over the past couple of years. Reports indicate that EFFIO-P cameras utilize Sony's latest sensor technology, supporting CCD dual scanning, enabling true wide dynamic range functionality. This allows the camera to produce clear images even in environments with extreme backlighting and high brightness contrasts.
Additionally, it is known that Sony's U.S. subsidiary has reached a definitive agreement to acquire Pixim's Silicon Valley company and is designing chipsets for professional security cameras. Sony has indicated that they will leverage their image sensor technology and engineering expertise to enhance global design and support capabilities.
From this, it becomes evident that Sony is keenly observing how to integrate Pixim's technology with its own resources, aiming to develop promising new solutions. Regardless of the research team or the final direction of wide dynamic range technology, as a practical technology, continuous innovation and excellence at the technical level are essential to gaining user acceptance and achieving widespread adoption.
In conclusion, wide dynamic range technology is a significant advancement in the field of surveillance and imaging, addressing challenges posed by varying light conditions. With ongoing developments from companies like Samsung, Pixim, and Sony, this technology continues to evolve, promising even greater applications and benefits in the future.
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