The woven bag printing machine can be categorized based on the type of printing plate into letterpress, lithographic, gravure, and stencil printing machines. Additionally, depending on the printing method and structural design, they can also be classified as flatbed, flat-to-round, or fully circular woven bag printing machines.
The letterpress woven bag printing machine represents one of the oldest forms of this technology. Its printing plates feature a raised graphic section and a recessed blank area. During operation, an ink-covered rubber roller passes over the printing plate, coating the raised sections with ink while leaving the recessed areas untouched. The pressure mechanism then transfers this ink to the woven bag's surface, producing a crisp replica of the intended design.
Lithographic printing machines operate using a different principle. Their printing plates have nearly flat graphics and blank areas. This printing method takes advantage of the fact that water and oil repel each other. The graphic portions resist water but accept oil-based ink, while the blank sections remain hydrophilic and do not retain ink. Under pressure, the inked parts transfer to the woven bag, completing the printing process.
Following indirect printing techniques, lithographic woven bag printing machines have evolved significantly. They now come in various types, including small office offset printers, large-scale newspaper and magazine presses for sheets or rolls, and single or double-sided machines. Notable examples include monochrome and web offset presses. These machines often incorporate advanced electronic computer controls, and modern plate-making technologies utilize electronic color separators and pre-coated photo-sensitive plates.
Letterpress woven bag printing machines primarily fall into three categories: flatbed, flat-to-round, and round presses. Flatbed presses are also known as flat-to-flat machines. Here, both the printing plate and the impression mechanism are flat. In operation, the plate makes full contact with the impression plate, resulting in significant overall pressure and a longer imprinting time. For these machines, the printing plate and impression plate must be perfectly flat, and the printing area is typically smaller. Circular-embossed flatbed woven bag printing machines, also called platform woven bag slitting machines, feature a flat plate and a cylindrical pressure mechanism. While operating, the plate moves back and forth, limiting the printing speed and output. On the other hand, round-press and convex woven bag printing machines are referred to as rotary woven bag printing machines. Both the printing plate and its mechanism are round rollers. As the machine runs, the impression cylinder rotates with the print and contacts the plate cylinder. This continuous high-speed rotation leads to high productivity.
Gravure woven bag printing machines are notable for their unique layout, where the graphic sections of the printing plate are concave and the blank sections are convex. This contrasts with the letterpress approach. When printing in a single color, the plate is first submerged in an ink tank and coated entirely. Next, the ink from the blank convex sections is removed, leaving only the concave areas filled with ink. The deeper the concave, the thicker the ink layer. Pressure transfers this ink to the woven bag, creating the final print.
Screen woven bag printing machines represent a prominent category within stencil printing equipment. The printing plate consists of a fine mesh woven from silk or similar materials. Various screen woven bag printing machines have been developed, including flat, curved, forming, printing and dyeing, printed circuit boards, and new rotational types. Among these, the new rotary screen woven bag printing machine stands out due to its higher speed and productivity. The screen is mounted on a drum, and ink is poured into the drum. As the machine operates, the drum rotates, and the squeegee quickly prints the design onto the fabric. ( http:// )
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