Wheat bran is commonly used as a feed supplement for livestock and poultry. However, it should not be given in excessive amounts or as the sole feed for extended periods, as this can lead to calcium deficiency in animals. The recommended feeding levels are: for pigs, no more than 15% of the diet; for chicks, no more than 5%; and for laying hens, no more than 10%. It's important to balance it with other feed sources to ensure proper nutrition.
Rice bran is often used in compound feeds for pigs, but its inclusion should not exceed 30%, as higher amounts may cause diarrhea in piglets and result in soft fat in fattening pigs, which can affect meat quality. Always use fresh rice bran and avoid using spoiled or stale material.
Bean dregs must be cooked before feeding to prevent digestive issues such as diarrhea or even poisoning. They lack essential vitamins and minerals, so they should be mixed with fine feed, roughage, and green fodder. The maximum recommended amount is 30% of the total feed. Never use degraded or moldy bean dregs.
Distiller’s grains are high in crude protein, B vitamins, vitamin K, and phosphates, but they contain low levels of calcium and may have residual alcohol. They should be fed alongside green feed and compound feed, and should not be used for pregnant animals, as this could lead to abortion.
Rapeseed cake contains toxic substances and must be detoxified before feeding. Unprocessed rapeseed cake should be soaked in warm water, boiled, or roasted to reduce toxicity. It should only be used in small quantities in animal diets to avoid poisoning.
Sweet potatoes are rich in starch (16%-26%) but lack complete nutrients. Feeding them raw can be hard to digest, so they should be cooked and mixed with compound or green feed to improve nutrient absorption.
Leaves such as mulberry, willow, and eucalyptus can be directly fed to ruminants like cattle and sheep. For pigs and chickens, they need to be processed into leaf powder and mixed into their feed. Large quantities of leaves should be dried at 50-60°C and stored in sealed bags in cool, dry places. Fresh leaves can also be mixed with grass to make silage.
Straw and seed shells from corn, rapeseed, rice, and legumes are nutritious and can be used as feed. Before feeding, they should be air-dried, ground into powder, and soaked in water for 8-12 hours. After softening, they should be mixed with green feed or compound feed to enhance digestibility and nutritional value.
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