First, classification
Photovoltaic grid-connected inverters are special devices that convert DC power generated by the photovoltaic effect of photovoltaic arrays (photovoltaic cells/components) into DC power after being converted into AC power. Different from the conventional inverter products, it can follow the changes of the sunshine conditions to the maximum, and keep operating at the best power conversion efficiency and power output characteristics. It can be divided into three categories: photovoltaic grid-connected micro-inverters, string inverters, and centralized inverters. Its application range covers large-scale ground-based photovoltaic power stations, wind-solar hybrid street lighting, and household-use rooftop photovoltaic power generation. Photovoltaic agricultural electricity irrigation and other fields. There are many types of products, which can be divided into indoor and outdoor products to meet different application environments. The products have different shapes, and their output power ranges from tens of watts to hundreds of kilowatts and even megawatts to meet different applications. demand.
Second, buy
Photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is one of the essential core devices in photovoltaic power generation applications. The efficiency of a single photovoltaic power generation project depends on the product, and it is also the core device for the safe operation of photovoltaic power generation. Consumers (users) can choose different power levels and different types of products according to their different functions, and they can meet the needs of power generation from home household power generation, industrial and commercial distributed generation, and power generation for specialized photovoltaic power plants.
When purchasing photovoltaic grid-tied inverters, firstly pay attention to the markings on the packing box and products, identify the input voltage range, voltage type, and maximum input current of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter; output voltage level, voltage type, frequency; Continuous operating current, maximum output power, and inverter efficiency. Secondly, the random data of the product should be inspected. The random data should include at least the following contents: product details (including technical parameter descriptions), product installation instructions, operation instructions, and maintenance instructions.
Photovoltaic grid-connected inverter products are generally industrial products and non-professionals are recommended to be guided by professional and technical personnel. After non-professionals purchase products, they must carefully read the product manuals and other random documents, and strictly follow the requirements of the random documents to install and use, in case of doubt, contact with the manufacturer or manufacturer to ensure the correct installation and use.
When purchasing products imported from abroad, it is necessary to pay attention to whether the foreign products declare the application of the requirements of the domestic standards. The current domestic effective product standard is NB/T32004-2013 "Technical Specifications for Photovoltaic Power Grid-connected Inverters", in particular, attention must be paid to foreign countries. The output voltage and frequency of the product should be matched with the point of access to the domestic public power grid of the product. In addition, it must be noted that there is a clear difference between the over- and under-voltage protection requirements of foreign products and the domestic standards. When using foreign products, it will lead to products. Misoperation or refusal to move, there is a huge security risk, non-professionals are not recommended to buy imported products.
For professionals who purchase PV grid-tied inverters, in addition to focusing on the maximum conversion efficiency marked on the product's nameplate, it is also necessary to pay attention to the maximum power point tracking efficiency of the product and the product's low to medium power (50% of rated output power and below ) Power quality conditions during operation (such as output harmonics, DC components, etc.) and their over/under voltage protection parameter conditions. According to the different use environment of the products to distinguish between the purchase and use, such as: household household type products need to pay attention to the product's electromagnetic compatibility and noise indicators; products used in high altitude areas (conventional products applicable altitude does not exceed 1 000 m) required Pay attention to the use of derating; products used in extreme low-temperature and high-temperature areas (conventional products use a temperature range of -25 °C ~ +60 °C) should pay attention to the adaptability of the product's climate environment, leaving sufficient safety margin for the normal use of the product.
Third, maintenance
The service life of PV grid-connected inverters is generally 10 to 20 years. The quality levels of products are uneven. If they are used improperly, they will severely shorten the lifetime of PV grid-connected inverters, and even bring huge security risks. .
First of all, professionals must determine the technical parameters of the product that need to be purchased according to the needs of the application, and then be installed by professional and technical personnel. After being approved by the local electric power department, the product can be connected to the grid and put into use.
In daily use, it is necessary to check the input and output terminals of the product regularly. The connection should be firm. The input and output wires and cables should not be worn out or scratched on the skin. The grounding wire should be firm and not broken or detached. If any problems are found, they should be replaced by professionals. Do not remove the input and output terminals. The input terminals have dangerous voltage during the day. The output terminals are live until the power grid is disconnected. The live parts of the terminals should be protected from personal exposure.
In daily use, the inverter should be immediately disconnected from the power grid and the protection switch must be disconnected immediately after the inverter is found to be in operation. After troubleshooting, the inverter must be turned on again.
Before performing any maintenance work, first disconnect the PV grid-tied inverter from the electrical grid, and then disconnect the DC-side electrical connection. Wait at least 5 minutes until the internal components are discharged before performing maintenance work. The maintenance operation should be performed by Professional and technical personnel complete.
Non-professionals should not open the product enclosure. Professionals should observe the warning signs on the product during maintenance. ESD gloves should be worn to avoid unnecessary circuit board contact. Also note that bare hands do not directly touch the power of the inverter. Devices and heat sinks, the product still has a relatively high temperature for a period of time after power failure, and should be protected from scalding.
In the daily use of products, clean and soft dry cloths can be used to regularly clean the dust on the surface of the product and the air inlet and outlet to maintain good heat dissipation and keep the product in a well-ventilated environment. It is not recommended that non-technical professionals operate the product when the product is opened.
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