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The solar lighting system is a DC type independent photovoltaic system. Solar modules convert solar energy into electrical energy, which is controlled and protected by the controller. The electrical energy is converted into chemical energy stored in the battery. When electricity is used, the battery then converts the chemical energy into electrical energy for use by the DC load or is reversed by the inverter to AC power for AC load use. The device stops working only when there is no light for a long time so that the power in the battery runs out.
Solar street lights consist of the following components: solar panels, solar controllers, battery packs, light sources, lamp posts, and lamp housings, and some also have inverters.
1) Solar panels
Solar panels are the core part of solar street lights, and they are also the most valuable part of solar street lights. Its role is to convert the sun's radiant energy into electrical energy, or send it to a storage battery. Solar cells are mainly made of monocrystalline silicon and polycrystalline silicon. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the monocrystalline silicon is 13% to 15%, and the polysilicon is 11% to 13%. The latest technology also includes photovoltaic thin-film batteries.
2) Solar Controller
The most important part of a solar lighting system is the controller. Its performance directly affects the system lifetime, especially the battery life. The controller uses the industrial-grade MCU as the main controller. Through the measurement of the ambient temperature, the voltage and current parameters of the battery and the solar cell module are detected and judged, and the MOSFET device is controlled to be turned on and off to achieve various control and protection functions.
3) Battery
Since the input energy of the solar photovoltaic power generation system is extremely unstable, it is generally necessary to configure a battery system to work. Lead-acid batteries, Ni-Cd batteries, and Ni-H batteries are generally used. The choice of battery capacity generally follows the following principles: First, the energy of daylight solar modules should be stored as much as possible under the premise of meeting the requirements of night lighting. At the same time, it must be able to store the electrical energy needed to meet the lighting needs of continuous rainy days. The battery capacity is too small to meet the needs of night lighting, and the capacity is too large. On the one hand, the battery is always in a lossy state, which affects the battery life and causes waste. The storage battery should be matched with solar battery and electricity load (street lamp). There is a simple way to determine the relationship between them. The solar cell power must be more than 4 times higher than the load power to allow the system to work properly. The voltage of the solar battery must exceed 20% to 30% of the working voltage of the battery to ensure that the battery is normally negatively charged. The battery capacity must be 6 times higher than the daily load.
4) Light source
Which kind of light source is used for solar street light is an important indicator of whether the solar energy light can be used normally. Generally, the solar energy light adopts a low-voltage energy-saving lamp, a low-pressure sodium lamp, an electrodeless lamp, and an LED light source.
LED light source has a long life, up to 1,000,000 hours, low working voltage, no need for inverter, high luminous efficiency, domestic 50lm/W, imported 80lm/W.
As technology advances, the performance of LEDs will increase further. The height of the light poles and lamp housing poles shall be determined according to the width of the road, the spacing of the lamps, and the illumination standard of the road. Lamp housing According to our collection of many foreign sun lamp data, between the beautiful and energy-saving, most choose to save energy, lamps and lanterns appearance requirements are not high, relatively practical on the line.
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